Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PTH9111 > Lecture 4: Neuroscience Organization of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Neuroscience Organization of the Nervous System Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Neuroscience

A

Study of function and structure of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

2 branches of study in the nervous system

A

1) Neuroanatomy
2) Neurophysiology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

6 steps of clinical decision making

A

1) Examination
2) Evaluation
3) Diagnosis
4) Prognosis
5) Intervention
6) Outcomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Organization of the Nervous system

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the 7 structures of the CNS

A

1) Spinal Cord
2. Medulla
3. Pons
4. Midbrain
5. Cerebellum
6. Diencephalon
7. Cerebral Hemispheres

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The spinal cord has both [blank] and [blank] innervation

A

Sensory and motor innervation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the two main conduction pathways of the spinal cord

A
  1. Descending: Motor control from brain to body
  2. Ascending: Sensory perception from body to brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the 5 regions of the spinal cord

A
  1. Cervical
  2. Thoracic
  3. Lumbar
  4. Sacral
  5. Coccygeal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are projections off the spine called

A

Spinal Nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How many segmental pairs of peripheral nerves are along the spinal cord

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Function of the brainstem

A

Relays information from the spinal cord to the cerebrum and cerebellum and regulation of vital functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the 3 regulations of vital functions the brainstem performs?

A
  1. Breathing
  2. Consciousness
  3. Body Temperature
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

T or F: Few tracts run through the brainstem

A

F, many tracts run through the brainstem and its important for integration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the 2 functions of the PNS

A
  1. Sends information from body to brain and spinal cord
  2. Sends commands from brain and spinal cord to various body parts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 PNS subsystems

A
  1. Somatic
    2.Autonomic/Visceral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Function of the somatic system

A

Functions you manage by thinking of them eg. raising hand to speak in class

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Functions of the autonomic/visceral function

A

Processes your brain runs without you thinking of them eg. heartbeat, blood pressure, digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which of these structures is associated with the CNS?

A
  1. Brain
  2. Midbrain
  3. Spinal cord
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of these are associated with the PNS

A
  1. Somatic
  2. Autonomic
  3. Sympathetic
  4. Parasympathetic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are two broads categories of nerve cells

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Neuroglial
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Neurons

A

Specialized for electrical signaling over long distances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Neuroglial

A

Supporting cells (not capable of signaling)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

4 parts of neurons

A
  1. Dendrites
  2. Cell Body (Soma)
  3. Axons
  4. Axon terminals
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the 4 neuron types

A
  1. Unipolar
  2. Bipolar
    3.Pseudounipolar
  3. Multipolar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Dendrites function
Receive and transfer electrical impulses from other cells towards the soma
26
T or F: Some neurons have no dendrites and others 100000
T
27
More dendrites means...
cell receives more inputs
28
Dendrites play a key role in [blank] plasticity and why
The modify and strengthen neuronic connections which is called synaptic plasticity
29
Cell body is also called the
Soma
30
What is specialized about a cell body of a neuron compared to other cells
The membranes are specialized for electrical signalling, but everything is atypical of a cell (eg. has a nucleus, mitochondria, etc.)
31
Axon
Specialized for signal conduction from cell body to axon terminal
32
T or F: Axons are not variable
F, they are variable
33
How does information travel through a neuron
Information goes from dendrites -> cell body -> axon hillock -> axon -> axon terminal
34
Synapse
Junction between nerve cells (no physical contact)
35
What makes up each side of a synapse?
1) Presynaptic Terminal 2) Postsynaptic Terminal
36
Presynaptic terminal contains
Synaptic vesicles
37
Postsynaptic Terminal controls..
response
38
T or F: Neuroglial cells have axons and dendrites
F, they do not
39
5 functions of neuroglial cells
Support synaptic connections and signaling abilities of neurons by: 1) Maintaining ionic milieu of nerve cells 2) Modulate rate of signal propagation 3) Control uptake of neurotransmitters 4) Provide scaffold for development 5) Aid neural recovery post-injury
40
4 neuroglial cells found in the CNS
1) Ependymal Cells 2) Oligodendrocytes 3) Astrocytes 4) Microglia
41
2 neuroglial cells found in the PNS
1) Satellite Cells 2) Schwann Cells
42
2 types of myelinating neuroglial cells
1) Oligodendrocytes 2) Schwann Cells
43
Spaces between myelin cells is called
Nodes of Ranvier
44
4 characteristics of oligodendrocytes
1) Only in CNS 2) Multiple processes 3) Coil around several axons 4) More widely spaced
45
3 characteristics of Schwann cells
1) Only in PNS 2) Associated with 1 neuron only 3) Closer together
46
Myelin function
Allows impulses to travel quickly and efficiently along neuron
47
Name a disease that causes myelin damage and what happens
Multiple Sclerosis - autoimmune disease that breaks down myelin in CNS and causes changes in speech, vision, limb movement. Scarring occurs because astrocytes form plaques and nerve cannot regenerate axons
48
Collection of cell bodies in CNS is called
Nuclei
49
Collection of cell bodies in PNS is called
Ganglion
50
Reticular Formation is made of
Nuclei (cell bodies)
51
Pathway of formation of nerves to cell body
Nerves -> Neuron -> Cell body
52
Cortex
Layer of cell bodies on the surface of the cerebrum and cerebellum
53
Regions of cell bodies in the CNS are called
Grey Matter
54
White Matter
Regions of myelinated axons in the CNS
55
CNS axons in bundles are called
tracts
56
PNS axons in bundles are called
Nerves
57
Neuropil
Space between neurons and glial cell bodies
58
What 5 things are neuropils composed of
1) dendrites 2) axons 3) synapses 4)glial cell processes 5) Microvasculature
59
Function of neuropil
Plays a role in cognitive function (more dense the neuropil = the greater the inerconnections
60
Which terms are associated with cell bodies
1) Nuclei 2) Ganglion 3) Cortex 4) Gray Matter 5) Soma
61
Which terms are associated with axons
1) White matter 2) Neuropil 3) Tracts 4) Nerves 5) Schwann Cells 6) Oligodendrocytes 7) Pre-synaptic terminal
62
Which of these terms are associated with CNS
1) Nuclei 2) Cortex 3)Gray Matter 4) White Matter 5) Neuropil 6) Tracts 7) Oligodendrocytes
63
Which terms are associated with PNS
1) Ganglion 2) Nerves 3) Schwann Cells 4) Pre-synaptic Terminal 5) Post-synaptic Terminal 6) Soma
64
3 parts of a neural circuit
1) Afferent Neurons 2) Interneurons 3) Efferent Neurons
65
Afferent Neurons move
toward spinal cord/brain
66
Interneurons
Local circuit neurons, short distance that modulate response of larger circuits
67
Efferent Neurons move
away from brain/spinal cord
68
Steps of reflex arc
1) Step on tac 2) Sends signal to spinal cord 3) Triggers muscle to retract foot
69
How does diabetes disrupt neural circuit
- Lose sensation in bottom of foot (peripheral neuropathy) because poor vasculature as neurons are not getting nutrients needed = damage in myelin so lose ability to send information to spinal cord - Disrupts the afferent nerve
70
how does a disc herniation disrupt neural circuits?
Pushes on neighbouring nerve and could impact afferent or efferent neuron

PTH9111 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions