Lecture 6 (Oct 3) Flashcards

1
Q

The Black Box Problem

A

Often (despite evidence) not details re: how
policy effect is intended to occur
* e.g. Nutrition labelling as obesity policy
response – but what are the mechanisms of
action?
* They are NOT the intervention per se, but the
response(s) the intervention generates

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2
Q

What is a logic model?

A

“A logic model represents the chain of expected
effects that link a public policy to a health
problem it aims to solve. It goes beyond the
question “Does it work?” to gain a better
understanding of how it works, i.e., how the policy being studied is meant to operate.”

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3
Q

What is a logic model?

A
  • “Theory of change”
  • Visual re: how a program is structured that shows:
    ▪ planned work and your intended results
    ▪ The rationale behind the program’s service delivery approach (i.e.,
    its goals)
    ▪ The key elements of a program (i.e., its activities and resources)
    and expected outcomes and how they can be measured
  • The cause-and-effect relationships between the
    program and its intended results.
  • Helps to identify the core elements of an evaluation
    strategy
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4
Q

What does a basic program logic model look like? In Forward logic model (you can work backwards)

A

Evaluation
Inputs
Activities
Outputs
Short-term outcomes
intermediate outcomes
Long term outcomes
—- Feedback loop
Contextual Conditions

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5
Q

Certain resources are needed to operate your program

A

Resources (inputs)

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6
Q

If you have access to to them, then you can use them to accomplish your planned

A

activities

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7
Q

In practice we often use both _____ and _____ logic models

A

Forward and backward

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8
Q

If you accomplish your planned activities, then you will hopefully deliver the amount of product and or service that you intended

A

Outputs

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9
Q

If you accomplish your planned activities to the extent you intended, then your participants will benefit in certain ways

A

Outcomes

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10
Q

If these benefits to participants are acheived, then certain changes in organization, communities, or systems might be expected to occur

A

Impact

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11
Q

Integration of evidence international factors

A

Globalization of markets
Industrialization
Media programs and marketing

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12
Q

National/ regional factors involved in the integration of evidence

A

Education policies
Transportation policies
Urban Planning policies
Health-care policies
Food policies
Family policies
Cultural policies
Economic policies

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13
Q

Community/locality factors

A

Public transportation
Public Safety
Urban Planning
Availability and accessibility of food
media and marketing
Income

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14
Q

Individual factors

A

Employment
travel Leisure
Sports
Food
Body image
Genetics
Energy expenditure
Food intake

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15
Q

Population factors

A

Prevalence of weight-related problems : Obesity and excessive weight preoccupation

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16
Q

Inputs

A

Processes, techniques, tools, events,
technology, and actions of the planned program

17
Q

Activities

A

Processes, techniques, tools, events,
technology, and actions of the planned
program.
– Products – promotional and educational material
– Services – education and training, counseling, or
health screening
– Infrastructure – structure, relationships, and
capacity used to bring about the desired results.

18
Q

Contextual Conditions (or mediators)

A
  • Resources and/or barriers, which potentially
    enable or limit program effectiveness.
  • Protective factors or resources may include
    funding, partners, staff, time, etc.
  • Limiting risk factors or barriers include such
    things as attitudes, lack of resources, policies,
    laws, regulations, and geography
19
Q

Outputs

A
  • direct results of program activities
  • size and/or scope of the services and products
    delivered or produced by the program.
  • delivered to the intended audiences at the
    intended “dose?”
  • e.g. number of classes taught, meetings held,
    materials produced and distributed, program
    participation rates and demography.
20
Q

Outcomes/ Impacts

A
  • specific changes in attitudes, behaviors,
    knowledge, skills, status, or level of
    functioning
  • organizational, community, and/or system
    level changes expected to result from program
    activities
    – improved conditions, increased capacity, and/or
    changes in the policy arena.
21
Q

Backwards logic

A
  • Start with desired outcomes and work
    backwards from there to develop activities
    and inputs
22
Q

Forward logic:

A
  • Start by identifying inputs and activities
  • Move forward by asking “why” of each stage
    in the logic model (i.e. “if – then”)
23
Q

Benefits of logic models?

A
  • Stakeholder understanding of purpose, resources,
    activities and ability to effect change
  • Reference point
  • Used for monitoring progress
  • Identifying/prioritizing questions to ask in
    evaluation
  • Identifying external factors that can facilitate or
    hinder a program
  • Integrate planning and evaluation
  • Articulate causal links
24
Q

Are resources adequate to implement program to implement program is

25
Is program implemented as planned?
Activities
26
How many, how much was produced? Is an indicator of the
Outputs
27
Change in knowledge, policy, environment?
Short-term outcomes
28
Change in system behaviour? Is an indicator of
Intermediate Outcomes
29
Change in health status? Is an indicator of
Long term outcomes
30
Change in population health status? is an indicator of
Impacts