Lecture 6 - More IOT Components Flashcards
1
Q
What is SIGFOX (Connectivity : Low Power Wide Area Networks)?
A
A company that builds wireless networks to connect low-energy objects such as electricity meters, smart watches and washing machines, which need to be continuously on and emitting small amounts of data.
* Range 10 km (urban), 40 km (rural)
2
Q
What type of technology does SIGFOX use?
A
- Sigfox employs a proprietary technology that enables communication which uses 868MHz in Europe (ISM band) and 902MHz in the US (again ISM Band)*.
- It utilizes a wide-reaching signal that passes freely through solid objects, called “ultra narrowband” and requires little energy, being termed “Low-power Wide-area network (LPWAN)”.
- The signal can also be used to easily cover large areas and to reach underground objects.
3
Q
What type of technology does LoRA use?
A
- LoRa uses license-free sub-Gigahertz radio frequency bands like 169 MHz, 433 MHz, 868 MHz (Europe) and 915 MHz (North America).
- Range 5 km (urban), 20 km (rural)
4
Q
What is Weightless (Connectivity : Low Power Wide Area Networks)?
A
- Weightless is the name of a set of LPWAN open wireless technology standards for exchanging data between a base station and thousands of machines around it. These technologies allow developers to build Low-Power Wide-Area Networks (LPWAN).
- 10km range
- Weightless is managed by the Weightless SIG, or Special Interest Group.
- The intention is that devices must be qualified by the Weightless Special Interest Group to standards defined by the SIG.
- Patents would be licensed to those qualifying devices; thus, the protocol whilst open, may be regarded as proprietary.
5
Q
What is Random Phase Multiple Access (Connectivity : Low Power Wide Area Networks)?
A
- Random phase multiple access (RPMA) is the trade name given to a low-power wide-area channel access method product being sold by the company Ingenu, formerly On-Ramp Wireless.
- It is meant to be used for machine-to-machine (M2M) communication on the Internet of Things (IoT).
- RPMA covers rural Texas oilfields with 450 square miles per tower (from RPMA website).
- RPMA is currently used in dozens of private networks worldwide. The 2.4 GHz spectrum is available worldwide and is cost-free to use.
- RPMA access points may cover up to 300 square miles. It would take 30 cellular towers to cover the same area.
- Ingenu, who owns RPMA, reportedly has some access points covering as many as 450 square miles each.
6
Q
What is the biggest input to IOT interms of connectivity?
A
- The biggest input to IoT may come from cellular community. 3 GPP is now working on 5G standardization. The group has the experience of standardizing 3 G and 4 G.
- Cellular is becoming increasingly attractive for supporting large-scale IoT installations due to:
- wide coverage
- relatively low deployment costs
- high level of security
- access to dedicated spectrum
- simplicity of management
7
Q
How are LTE networks holding back IOT?
A
- However, LTE networks have not been designed keeping in view IoT devices, which can be event driven.
- Therefore, several improvements have been initiated in 3GPP aiming to augment LTE to become more suitable for IoT applications.
- The number of connected machines are expected to grow dramatically– up to 30,000, maybe 60,000 devices in a single cell– so LTE technologies require respective mechanisms to handle a very large number of devices.
- LTE ( Long Term Evolution) is a 4 G wireless standard for high Bandwidth.
8
Q
What is wrong with typical IOT data transmissions?
A
- Typical IoT data transmissions are infrequent, small, and require simplified signaling procedures for connection establishment to offer energy consumption saving for such devices.
- If technology and data plans are affordable, cellular technology can support IoT due to its global availability and considerable reliability.
9
Q
What is NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) (Connectivity : Low Power Wide Area Networks)?
A
- NarrowBand IoT (NB-IoT) is a Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) radio technology standard developed to enable a wide range of devices and services to be connected using cellular telecommunications bands
- NB-IoT is a narrowband radio technology designed for the Internet of Things (IoT) and is standardized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
- Range 1 km (urban), 10 km (rural)
10
Q
What are IOT platforms?
A
- The collected data needs to be stored and processed somewhere. Known as IoT platforms, these are typically cloud-based infrastructures which:
- receive and send data via standardized interfaces, known as API (Application Programming nterface)
- store the data; and
- process the data
- Many commercial platforms are available today, e.g, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Microsoft Azure, IBM Watson, Google Cloud Platfrom, Oracle, Bosch, CISCO IoT cloud Connect, SAP etc etc
11
Q
What is middleware?
A
- Middleware is a type of computer software program that provides services to software applications beyond those available from the operating system.
- Database access services are often characterised as middleware, e.g ODBC. Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) is a standard application programming interface (API) for accessing database management systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent of database systems and operating systems.
12
Q
What is runtime?
A
- Runtime is also when a program is running. That is, when you start a program running in a computer, it is runtime for that program.
- In some programming languages, certain reusable programs or “routines” are built and packaged as a “runtime library.” These routines can be linked to and used by any program when it is running.
13
Q
What is software as a service mean?
A
- Recommended is scalable cloud solutions in a software-as-a-service (SaaS) model for IoT
- Software as a service (SaaS) is a software distribution model in which a third-party provider hosts applications and makes them available to customers over the Internet like office365, Canva etc
- SaaS is one of three main categories of cloud computing, alongside infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS).
14
Q
What does platform as a service mean?
A
- Used for applications, and other development, while providing cloud components to software.
- What developers gain with PaaS is a framework they can build upon to develop or customize
applications. - PaaS makes the development, testing, and deployment of applications quick, simple, and costeffective
15
Q
Why is data analytics necessary
A
- Data analytics needs to be applied to the data to get the insight from data.
- Big data analytics tools are generally available today, which stretch from simple statistical tools to more sophisticated machine learning approaches, with deep learning being the latest trend.
- Think of statistical tools finding you the known knowns in the data; machine learning finding the known unknowns; whilst deep learning is able to find the unknown unknowns like with generative adversarial networks (GANs).
