Lecture 2 - History

Question 1

When was the term IOT first used?

Answer 1

In 1999 by Kevin Ashton to describe a system in which objects in the physical world could be connected to the internet by sensors. He was working on RFID (radio frequency identification devices).

Question 2

What happened in 1977 when it came to IOT?

Answer 2

Work started on comercial automatic meter reading and load management for electrical system which led to the smart grid

Question 3

What happened in 1990s when it came to IOT?

Answer 3

Advances in wireless technology allowed machine to machine communication for enterprise and industrial solutions for equipment monitoring and operation, however they were based on closed purpose built networks and proproetary or industry specific standards rather than on IP

Question 4

What was the first internet devices?

Answer 4

An IP enabled toaster, this lead to other things that were IP enabled such as a soda machine

Question 5

How has IOT evolved?

Answer 5

• Ubiquitous Connectivity - low cost, high speed, pervasive network connectivity
• Widespread adoption of IP based networking - IP -> IPV4 (32 bit address, 2^32 which is 4,294,967,296 unique addresses) and IPV6 128 bit address
• Computer Economics - greater computing power as a lower price and lower power consumption
• Miniturization - advanced computing and communication tech to be incorporated into small objects and inexpensive sensors
• Advances in Data Analytics - New algorithms and rapid increases in computing power, data storage and cloud services allow analysis of large amounts of data
• Rise of Cloud Computing: Leverages remote, networked computing resources to process, manage and store data with ability to control

Question 6

What are the social and economic benefits emerging from IOT?

Answer 6

Sustainable agriculture
Water quaility and use
Healthcare
Industrialisation
Environmental management

Question 7

What are some developmental issues (challanges of implementation) with IOT

Answer 7

• Infrastructure readiness
• Market and investment incentives
• Technical skills
• Policy resources

Question 8

What are some IOT forecasts from some companies?

Answer 8

• Morgan Stanley - a global financial service firm in 2013 projected 75 billion networked devices by 2020
• CISCO says 3 times the global population
• Huawei forcasts 100 billion IOT connections by 2025
• McKinsey Global Institute financial impact of IOT will be from $3.9 to $11.1 trillion