Lecture 6 - Liver and Gallbladder

Question 1

Where is the liver located?

Answer 1

In the right upper quadrant

Question 2

What are its functions?

Answer 2

1. ) Major lymph producing gland - 25-50 %
2. ) Largest Gland in the body
3. ) synthesis - bile, amino acids, gluconeeogenesis, cholestrol
4. ) breakdown - toxins, hormones, drugs, amonia
5. ) Storage - iron, glucose

Question 3

What are the anatomical lobes of the liver?

Answer 3

1. ) Right
2. ) Left
3. ) Quadrate
4. ) Caudate

Question 4

How many functional lobes of the liver?

Answer 4

8

Question 5

What is the porta hepatis?

Answer 5

The porta hepatis is the central intraperitoneal fissure of the liver that separates the caudate and the quadrate lobes. It is the entrance and the exit for several important vessels including the portal vein, the hepatic artery, the hepatic nervous plexus, the hepatic ducts and the lymphatic vessels..

Question 6

Ligament of the liver and their functions?

Answer 6

1. ) falciform Ligament - attaches the anterior surface of the liver to the anterior abdominal wall. Its free edge contains the ligamentum teres, a remnant of the umbilical vein.
2. ) Coronary Ligament - attaches the superior surface of the liver to the inferior surface of the diaphragm and demarcates the bare area of the liver The anterior and posterior folds unite to form the triangular ligaments on the right and left lobes of the liver.
3. ) The left triangular ligament is formed by the union of the anterior and posterior layers of the coronary ligament at the apex of the liver and attaches the left lobe of the liver to the diaphragm. The right triangular ligament is formed in a similar fashion adjacent to the bare area and attaches the right lobe of the liver to the diaphragm.
4. ) round ligament of the liver - inferior border of the falciformn ligament and it is thick, free
5. ) ligamentum venosum - remnant of ductus venosus, in the fetus it extends between the umbilical vein and the IVC.

Question 7

What is the bare area in the liver?

Answer 7

It is the area in the liver that is not covered by the visceral peritoneum.

Question 8

What is the arterial supply to the liver?

Answer 8

Common hepatic artery which is a direct from the celiac trunk becomes hepatic artery proper when the gastroduodenal artery branches off to travel inferiorly, then this brancehs at the porta hepatis to become right hepatic artery and left hepatic artery.

Question 9

What sources and how much blood does the liver receive from them?

Answer 9

Arterial - heaptic arteries (20-25%)

VENOUS - hepatic portal vein (75-80%)

Question 10

How does the hepatic vein form?

Answer 10

Froms when the superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein unite.

Question 11

Function of the hepatic vein?

Answer 11

Carries nutrients from the GI to the liver in the blood. Has higher level of oxygen than normal venous blood.

Question 12

What is the venous drainage of the liver?

Answer 12

Hepatic veins drain blood away from the liver and back to the systemic system. Central veins of the liver unite together and drain to form the left, right and middle hepatic veins. which go back into the IVC.

Question 13

Function of the galbladder?

Answer 13

Stores and concentrates bile. .

Question 14

What is bile?

Answer 14

It is a yellow-brown (green) fluid that helps in emulsification of fat

Question 15

Where is bile produced?

Answer 15

It is produced in the liver and secreted by hepatocytes.

Question 16

Where does bile go?

Answer 16

It is secreted by the billary ducts and mainly goes into the 2nd part of the duodenum.

Question 17

What are the parts of the galbladder?

Answer 17

1. ) Fundus - wide round end
2. ) Body - main portion that is in contact with the first part of the duodenum and the visceeral surface of the liver
3. ) Neck - narrow s-shaped bend in which teh mucosa begins to twirl into a spiral fold which acts like a valve in the cystic duct. Sometimes called the spiral valves of heister.

Question 18

Bile duct parts:

Answer 18

Cystic Duct (connects to neck of the galbladder)
common bile duct
Sphincter - if it is closed than bile can go back along the common bile, travel along the cystic duct and go back to be stored in the galbladder. Upto 50ml of bile can be stored and its concetration can be concentrated through the absorption of water and salts.

Question 19

Arterial supply to the galbladder?

Answer 19

The cystic artery - branches from the right hepatic artery and it can be found in the cystohepatic triangle (triangle of calot).

Question 20

Venous drainage of the galbladder?

Answer 20

Cystic veins - drain into heepatic portal vein.