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Anatomy GI > Lecture 3 - Stomach and Duodenum > Flashcards

Lecture 3 - Stomach and Duodenum Flashcards

1
Q

Arteries that come out of the the abdominal aorta?

A
  1. Celiac Trunk at T12
  2. Superior Mesenteric Artery L1
  3. Inferior Mesenteric Artery L3
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2
Q

Branches of the Celiac Trunk?

A
  1. ) Common Hepatic Artery
  2. ) Splenic Artery
  3. ) Left Gastric Artery
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3
Q

Branches of the common hepatic artery and where is it?

A
  1. ) Proper hepatic artery
  2. ) Gastroduodenal artery

Runs through the hepatoduodenal ligament

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4
Q

Branches of the splenic artery and where is it?

A
  1. ) Short Gastric
  2. ) Left gastro omental artery

Runs along the sueprior border of the pancreas to the spleen

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5
Q

Branches of the left gastric artery and where is it?

A

1.) esophageal branches

And it descends to the lesser curvature of the stomach

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6
Q

What are the branches of the superior mesenteric artery and what does it supply?

A

1.) (anterior and posterior) inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

It supplies the duodenum distal to the papilla

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7
Q

How is the esophagus attached to the stomach?

A

It is attached to the stomach by the phrenico-esophageal ligament.

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8
Q

Where does the stomach terminate and what is there?

A

It terminates at the cardial orifice of the stomach and there is an inferior esophageal sphincter (physiological)

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9
Q

Where does the esophagus travel through to go to the abdominal and at what level?

A

It travels through the esophageal hiatus at the diaphragm at the level of T10.

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10
Q

What is the arterial supply to the esophagus?

A

Esophageal branches from the left gastric artery

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11
Q

What is the venous drainage of the esophagus?

A
  1. ) left gastric vein that is in the portal venous system

2. ) esophageal veins that are in the systemic venous system

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12
Q

What are the lymphatics at the esophagus?

A

Left gastric lymph nodes that drain into the celiac lymph nodes

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13
Q

innervation of the esophagus?

A

Parasympathetic - vagus

Sympathetic - greater splanchnic nerve

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14
Q

What happens in the stomach or what is its function?

A

Stomach is an extended part of the GI tract where food accumulates and prepares for mechanical breakdown and chemical digestion.

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15
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A
  1. ) Cardia (at the level of T11)
  2. ) Fundus - gas goes into it
  3. ) Body - two curvatures
  4. ) Pylorus
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16
Q

Function of the pylorus and its different parts?

A

It controls the outflow of chime

It has a pyloric antrum (chamber) and a pyloric canal (outflow region)

17
Q

What are the gastric rugae?

A

Longitudinal folds of mucosa inside the stomach. They increase the surface area of teh stomach and can be either temporary (diminish as stomach distends) or permanant (form the gastric canal).

18
Q

What is the gastric canal?

A

It is the groove that is along the lesser curvature (in the stomach), it can be seen in medical imaging.

19
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

It is a circular band of smooth muscle and is a junction between the stomach and the small intestine.

20
Q

What is the arterial supply to the lesser curvature?

A
  1. ) Left gastric artery that is a direct branch of the celiac trunk
  2. ) Right gastric artery that comes from the proper hepatic artery
21
Q

What is the arterial supply to the greater curvature?

A
  1. ) Left gastro omental artery that comes from the splenic artery
  2. ) Right gastro omental artery that comes from the gastroduodenal artery
22
Q

What is the arterial supply to the fundus?

A

Short gastric arteries that are branches of the splenic artery

23
Q

What is the venous drainage of the stomach?

A
  1. ) Right gastric veins that drain into the hepatic portal vein
  2. ) Left gastric veins that drain directly into the hepatic portal vein
  3. ) Right gastro omental veins that drain into the superior mesenteric vein
  4. ) Left gastro omental veiins that drain into the splenic vein
  5. ) Short gastric veins that drain into the splenic vein
  6. ) Prepyloric vein that drains into the right gastric vein
24
Q

Parts of the small intestine?

A
  1. ) duodenum
  2. ) jejunum
  3. ) Ileum
25
Q

Parts of the colon?

A
  1. ) ascending colon
  2. ) transverse colon
  3. ) descending colon
  4. ) sigmoid colon
26
Q

What connect the small intestine to the colon and what does it have?

A

Cecum which has the appendix

27
Q

Parts of the duodenum?

A
  1. ) Superior part
  2. ) Descending part
  3. ) Transverse Part
  4. ) Ascending part
28
Q

What is in the superior part of the duodenum and everything else about it?

A
  1. ) It is intraperitoneal (mobile)
  2. ) Duodenal cap or ampulla is continuos with the pylorus of the stomach
  3. ) At the level of L1
  4. ) Superiorly attached by the hepatoduodenal ligament
  5. ) Inferiorly attached by the greater omentum
  6. ) Supplied by the celiac trunk
29
Q

What is in the descending part of the duodenum and everything else about it?

A
  1. ) It is secondarily retroperitoneal (immobile and covered by transverse mesocolon)
  2. ) It lies at the midline and is anterior to the hilium of the right kidney.
  3. ) At the level L2
  4. ) Supplied by the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery
  5. ) Has the major and minor papilla
30
Q

What is the major papilla?

A

It is in the descending part of the duodenum and is an opening for the common bile duct and the main pancreatic duct. It releases pancreatic juice and bile and is larger because of the hepatopancreatic ampulla and sphincter internally.

31
Q

What is the minor papilla?

A

It is in the descending part of the duodenum and is an opening for the acessory pancreatic duct. Releases pancreatic juices only and is about 2 cm superior to the major papilla.

32
Q

What is in the transverse part of the duodenum?

A
  1. ) It is secondarily retroperitoneal
  2. ) Crosses posteriorly under the sueprior mesenteric artery and anteriorly it is over the IVC
  3. ) It is at teh level of L3
  4. ) Longest section of the duodenum
  5. ) It is supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
33
Q

What is in the ascending part of the duodenum?

A
  1. ) It is mostly retroperitoneal
  2. ) It terminates at the duodenojejunal flexure
  3. ) At the level of L2
  4. ) Supplied by the superior mesenteric artery
  5. ) Supported by the suspensory ligament
34
Q

What is the suspensory ligament and why is it clincally significant?

A

It conencts the duodenum to the diaphragm and the posterior abdominal wall.. It also facilitates movement of the intestinal content and marks the point of the duodenojejunal flexure. It divides the GI tract into upper and lower. If upper GI tract bleeding then it is proximal and blood would appear in vomit and stool would be dark. If in lower than it is distal and red blood appear in stool.

35
Q

Specifically what is the arterial supply of the duodenum? (the specific branches from the main arteries)

A
  1. ) Celiac trunk - Anterior and posterior superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
  2. ) Gastroduodenal artery - supraduodenal artery
  3. ) Superior mesenteric artery - Anterior and posterior inferior pancreatico duodenal arteries

Anatomy GI (8 decks)

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