Lecture 6: Joints Flashcards
What type of joints are most limb joints?
Synovial joints that allow for a lot of movement.
What would happen if your distal tibiofibular joint was synovial
We would not be able to have the stability we need to stand well and our feet would move too freely to function well.
What is Bony Congruence?
It refers to the amount of surface area that touches
What is articular cartilage? What is its function?
Articular cartilage is the part of the bone on the flat ends of the bone. It is smooth and allows for easy frictionless movement.
What is the joint capsule and what is its function? What is it made of?
It is the connective tissue (made of DFCT, so it resists tension) that wraps around the joint and holds the inside of the joint in.
What is the joint cavity? What is its function?
The space between the bone and the joint capsule. It allows space for the bones to move
What is the synovial membrane and its function?
It is a thin layer of cells inside the joint capsule that is responsible for secretion of synovial fluid.
What type of tissue covers the paces where bones articulate?
Hyaline (articular) tissue. This is a form of connective tissue
What is the function of synovial fluid
To provide nutrients to the bone via joint loading, and also to lubricate the joint
What are the two collateral ligaments of the knee
Medial Collateral ligament (MCL)
Lateral Collateral ligament (LCL)
These have thickenings of joint capsule as more support is needed
What does the MCL connect and what is its function
Connects the femur to tibia and resists abduction
What does the LCL connect and what is its function
Connects the femur to fibula and resists adduction
What are intrascapular ligaments? Give their function and some examples?
These are additional bands of DFCT located internally to the capsule to hold bones together. eg ACL and PCL
What are the ACL and PCL
Anterior cruciate ligament and Posterior cruciate ligament
They are Intrascapular ligaments.
What does the ACL connect and what is its function
It connects the anterior of the tibia to the posterior of the femur.
It restricts posterior displacement of the femur
What does the PCL connect and what is its function?
It connects the posterior of the tibia to the anterior of the femur. It restricts anterior displacement of the femur
What determines range of movement (ROM)
Bone end shape
ligament location and length
Body surface contact
Muscles (Lecture 10)
What are the 7 types of Synovial joints
Plane
Hinge
Pivot
Condylar
Ellipsoid
Saddle
Ball & Socket
What direction does the axis go in relation to the plane
The axis goes in the opposite direction of the axis
Explain a plane joint
Multiaxial
Sliding and gliding
Tiny bones, flat articulating surfaces
Eg. intercarpal joints
Explain a Hinge joint
Uniaxal, back and forward
Flexion and extension only
Eg. ankle, elbow
Explain a pivot joint
Uniaxial
Movement is rotation
Eg. radioulnar joints C1-C2 vertebrae
Explain a Condylar joint
Condiles that articulate, lumpy bits at end of bone
Biaxial
Flextion and Extextion
Right conditions can rotate, rotation when flexed
Eg, knee
Explain an ellipsoid joint
Biaxial
Flextion extension
Abduction and adduction
THerefore circumduction
NO ROTATION
Eg. wrist joint (two spoons)
Explain a saddle joint
Biaxial (+)
Flexion & extension
Abduction and adduction
Obligatory rotation ~ opposition
Thumb moving into the transverse plain
Explain a ball and socket joint
Multiaxial
Flextion& Extension
Abduction & adduction
Therefore Circumduction
Rotation
What is a condylar?
A “condylar” refers to something relating to or resembling a condyle, which is a rounded, knuckle-like projection or protuberance at the end of a bone, often forming part of a joint.
