Lecture 3: Skeletal system Flashcards
What are the functions of the skeleton
Support
Movement
Protection of organs
Storage of minerals
Red blood cell formation in marrow
What are the two types of bones
Compact bone
Cancellous bone (trabecular bone)
What are the 4 classes of bones
Long bones, Short bones, Flat bones, Irregular bones
Describe long bones
Longer than wide, wide epiphyses and long narrow diaphysis
Describe short Bones
Close to equal width and legnth.
Mostly cancellous bone, thus weight bearing bones
Describe the properties of Compact bone
Strong and good at transmitting force in one direction
Describe the properties of cancellous bone
Light, spongy bone
It is shock absorbing and resists and channels forces that come from multiple direction
What are the two divisions of the skeleton?
Axial skeleton
Appendicular skeleton
What is the Appendicular skeleton
Bones of the limbs, most important for movement
What is the axial skeleton
Bones of the core, they protect vital organs
What is the cranium (vault) and what does it do?
it is the skull and encloses the brain. also has muscle attachments
What are the divisions of the vertebral column
Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar
Sacral (Sacrum) and Coccygeal (coccyx)
What does the vertebral column do?
Keeps the trunk upright and has lots of muscle and ligament attachments
What is the thoracic cage?
Rib cage
How many ribs do you have
12
How many vertebrae are in the cervical region/division
7
How many vertebrae are in the thoracic region/division
12
How many vertebrae are in the lumbar region/division
5
What is the single proximal long bone in the upper body
Humerus
What is the single proximal long bone in the lower body
Femur
Why do the legs not have pronation or supination
For stability
What bones make up the hand
8 Carpals
5 Metacarpals
14 phalanges (only 2 in the thumb)
What bones make up the foot
7 Tarsals
5 Metatarsals
14 Phalanges
Where do the limbs attatch to the axial skeleton
Pectoral girdle and Pelvic girdle
What two bones make up the pectoral girdle
Clavicle and Scapula
What is the role of the clavicle in the pectoral girdle
Stabilization
What is the role of the Scapula in the pectoral girdle
Free moving muscle attatchments
What bones fuse to make up the pelvic gridle
Illium, Ischium and pubis
Why do females have different shaped pelvic cavities
Because theirs are adapted for childbirth
