Lecture 5: Bone Growth Flashcards
What is Endochondral ossification
The Process of turning cartilage into bone
What part of the bone is the primary ossification centre?
Diaphysis (shaft)
What part of the bone is the secondary ossification centre?
Epiphyses
What seperates the diaphysis from the epiphyses
The Epiphyseal plate (growth plate)
What are the epiphyseal plates formed of
Cartilage
What happens to the epiphyses and diaphyses in puberty?
The epiphyses start to fuse with the diaphyses
What does DFTC stand for?
Dense Fibrous Connective Tissues. This includes ligaments, tendons and joint capsules
What is appositional growth and what facilitates it?
The bone growing in width. Faciliatated by OB and OC activity
What are some examples of Dense Fibrous Connective tissue
Ligaments, Tendons and Joint capsules
What is the Medullary cavity?
The hollow middle of the bone that is molded by medullary cavity
What is ossification?
The process of turning cartilage into bone
What are the 3 types of cartilage
Hyaline (articular)
Fibrocartilage
Elastic
Explain joint loading
This is how nutrients get into the joints, since there are no blood vessels in cartilage. This is done by pushing nutrients into the tissue with movement
Cartilage is Avascular, what does this mean? What does this lead to?
It does not have blood vessels. This makes it hard to get nutrients into Cartilage
What is a property of fibrocartilage?
Fibrocartilage resist compression AND tension
How does fibrocartilage make the joints more efficient
It can act as a buffer/shock absorber by increasing the surface area of contact. This decreases the pressure
What are the Menisci
Fibrocartilage in the knee that act as a buffer/shock absorber
What type of cartilage has more collagen? Link this to function
Fibrocartilage has more collagen, this leads to an increase in tension resistance
What is the role of collagen
Resisting tension
Why do Dense Fibrous Connective tissue take long to heal?
Because there is LITTLE vascularity (blood vessels)
What is a ligament made up of and what does a ligament connect?
A ligament is made up of Dense Fibrous Connective Tissues and it connects bone to a bone.
Ligaments restrict movement away from themselves
What is a tendon made up of and what does a tendon connect?
A tendon is made up of Dense Fibrous Connective Tissues and it connects MUSCLE to a bone.
Ligaments restrict movement away from themselves
What kind of cells do DFCT use
Fibroblasts
What do fibroblasts do
They make fibres. Mainly Collagen
What is Elastin and what function does it have?
It is a key component of elastic fibre and provides some stretch in DFCT such as ligaments
What are the 3 joint classifications
Fibrous (least amount of movement)
Cartilaginous
Synovial (most amount of movement)
What kind of joint is a distal tibiofibular joint. What properties does its type provide?
It is a Fibrous joint. It is a DFCT ligament. The fibrous nature of the joint provides stability for the ankle. It also prevents rotational movements at the ankle joint.
What do we use to define the three classes of joints
The three classes of joints are defined by the amount of movement they have
