Lecture 10 Flashcards
What is ROM
Range of motion
Describe First class levers
Fulcrum between force and load
Describe second class levers
Load between fulcrum and force
Describe third class levers
Force between fulcrum and load
What is the function of first levers
Stabilises joint position
What is the function of third levers
Effective at overcoming heavy loads (Likea wheel barrow)
What is the function of third levers
Large range of movemnt; speed
What are the three factors that muscle form depends on
- Length of muscle fibres
- Number of muscle fibres
- Arrangement of muscle fibres
How much can fibres shorten by?
50% of their resting legnth
What is the purpose of having longer muscle fibrers
If large ROM required = long muscle fibres
How does number of muscle fibres affect the function of a muscle
Tension is directly proportional to the cross-sectional area
More no. of fibres means more CSA and greater tension
What are the two ways muscle can be arranged
Parallel and Pennate
What is the major difference between Parallel and Pennate muscle arrangement
Parallel = Smaller CAS, greater shortening
Pennate = Greater CSA, lesser the shortening
What are the three ways in which muscle can contract
- Concentric
- Eccentric
- Isometric
Describe Concentric contraction
- Tension is greater than
load - Muscle shortens
Describe Eccentric contraction
Tension is lesser than
load
* Muscle elongates
* pull in opposite direction
by another
muscle/gravity
Describe Isometric contraction
Tension does not
outweigh load
* No change in length of
muscle
* No change in joint
position
Eg. Holding the elbowstill
What are the 4 different roles a muscle can have at a joint
Agonist
Antagonist
Stabiliser
Neutraliser
What is the role of the agonist
To create movement
What is the role of the Antagonist
Opposes/controls movement
What is the role of the Stabiliser
Holds joints still
What is the role of the Neutraliser
Stops unwanted movement
Where is the origin and insertion of the Biceps brachii
Scapula to Radial tuberosity
Where is the origin and insertion of the Triceps brachii
Scapula to humerus
Where is the origin and insertion of the Deltoid
Scapula and clavicle to Deltoid tuberosity
Where is the origin and insertion of the Iliopsoas
Illiac fossa and lumbar vertebrae to femur
Where is the origin and insertion of the Gluteus Maximus
Illium and Sacrum to Femur
Where is the origin and insertion of the quadriceps femoris
Rectus femoris (Illium)
Vastus medialis,
intermedius and
lateralis (femur)
to
Tibial tuberosity
Where is the origin and insertion of the Hamstrings
Ischium (+ femur for
biceps femoris)
to tibia and fibula
Where is the origin and insertion of the Tibialis anterior
Tibia to Tarsals
What are the two types of arrangements for muscle fibres
Parallel and Pennate
What two parts make up the Iliopsoas
Iliacus & Psoas major
