Lecture 6- Innate and Adaptive Immunity Flashcards
Autopoiesis
The dynamic process of generating/producing ourselves
Adaptation
maintaing mutual satisfaction between the living entity and the medium it lives in. This happens moment by moment.
How is autopoiesis conserved?
By the immune and nervous system maintaining the internal and external coherence
Why does the immune system distinguish self from non-self. What does the immune system respond to?
-protects against infection, recovery from infection and tissue damage, maintaing int/ext environment.
Responds to molecular shapes
1) unusual shapes
2) Familiar shapes in an unusual context
Difference between innate and adaptive immune responses
INNATE (non-specific but recognises shape):
- First line of defense NOT improved by repeated antigen exposure.
- generally very effective, they respond quickly and for a short period. For immediate defense.
- things like physical barriers, microbicidal factors in body fluids (lysozyme and complement), NK cells, antiviral proteins etc
Antigens
molecules capable of oncurring an immune response. Come in a range of shapes/sizes.
Actual structures recognized by antibodies
antigenic-determinants or epitopes.
Biochemical vs biophysical defense examples
BC: lysozyme, sebacous glands, sperm
BP: skin, stomach acid, cilia lining
Swollen lymph nodes can indicate
infection as the I-S responding will cause an increase in lymphocytic/immune activity
Rarely a tumor
The secondary lymphoid organs of these are, and what do they filter
Blood:
Tissues:
Gut:
Blood: spleen > blood filter
Tissues: Lymph nodes > tissues
Gut: peyers patches > gut filter
__ of lymphocytes in blood vs ___ in lymphoid organs
10% blood
90% in lymphoid organs
How is the skin an effective barrier, what happens when this is compromised? Therefore where do most infections enter the body?
Most infectious agents cannot penetrate intact skin. The importance of this is seen in serious burns victims where infection becomes a huge concern.
Instead, most infections enter via the nasopharynx, gut, lungs or genitourinary tract (we have a variety of defences in these areas)
Main phagocyte with a weird nucleus
Neutrophil.
Lymphocytes, RBCs and platelets arise from
Pluripotent haemopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow of long bones, under the influence of micro-environ fators.
Difference in haemopoietic stem cell development
Some stem cells mature directly in the bone marrow into B-lymphocytes > blood > lymphoid organs.
Others migrate via blood to the THYMUS, where they proliferate into T-cell lymphocytes. These are also then exported to other lymphoid organs
Other phagocytic and blood cells develop in the bone marrow
