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PATHOLOGY > LECTURE 6: Immunopathology > Flashcards

LECTURE 6: Immunopathology Flashcards

1
Q

It primarily serves to defend the animal body against infections.

A

immune system

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2
Q

These untoward responses of the immune system that result in tissue injuries are called

A

immunopathologic reactions

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3
Q

the study of diseases caused by or resulting from immune mechanisms, and is
concerned primarily with untoward consequences of immune reactions

A

immunopathology

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4
Q

Components of the Immune System
The immune system consists of the ff:

A

effector cells
AND
substances that provide protection to an individual following antigenic challenge

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5
Q

responses of the immune system

A

HUMORAL RESPONSE
CELLULAR RESPONSE

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6
Q

mediated largely by antibodies and other effector substances such as complement

A

humoral response

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7
Q

humoral response mediated largely by antibodies and other effector substances such as what?

A

complement

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8
Q

mediated by sensitized lymphocytes and cells of the reticulo-endothelial system

A

cellular response

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9
Q

cellular response is mediated by what?

A

sensitized lymphocytes
AND
cells of the reticulo-endothelial system

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10
Q

These responses are initiated whenever immune cells encounter antigens.

A

Humoral response and Cellular response

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11
Q

Humoral responses and Cellular responses are initiated whenever immune cells encounter what?

A

antigens

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12
Q

also known as immunogens

A

Antigens

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13
Q

are macromolecules that are either
natural or synthetic in origin that are capable of inducing immune response

A

Antigens

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14
Q

They are usually microbial or foreign proteins or polysaccharide

A

Antigens

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15
Q

are simple molecules that bind to preformed antibodies or sensitized immune cells and can induce an immune response when coupled to a carrier protein

A

Haptens

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16
Q

antigen presenting cells (APC)

A

macrophages
AND
dendritic cells

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17
Q

Following exposure to a particular antigen, these cells process the antigen and present the
same to B lymphocytes

A

ANTIGEN PRESENTING CELLS (APC)
usually, MACROPHAGES and DENDRITIC CELLS

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18
Q

are specific clones of white blood cell lymphocytes produced in the bone marrow

A

B-lymphocytes or B-cells

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19
Q

B-lymphocytes or B-cells are produced where?

A

BONE MARROW

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20
Q

another lymphocyte clone subpopulation

A

T-lymphocytes

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21
Q

It synthesizes the antibody

A

plasma cells

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22
Q

five kinds of antibody molecules

A

IgG
IgM
IgA
IgD
IgE

23
Q

These antibody molecules have their greatest concentration in the plasma

A

IgG and IgM

24
Q

These antibody molecules are found on mucosal surfaces and body secretions.

A

IgA and IgD

25
Q

An antibody molecules that is usually surface bound to specific cells such as
basophils and mast cells.

A

IgE

26
Q

IgE is usually surface bound to specific cells such as
what?

A

BASOPHILS and MAST CELLS

27
Q

An antibody molecule is consists of what?

A

TWO IDENTICAL HEAVY CHAINS OF AMINO
ACIDS

and

TWO IDENTICAL LIGHT CHAINS

28
Q

An antibody molecule consists of two identical heavy chains of amino
acids and two identical light chains chemically linked by what?

A

disulfide bonds

29
Q

An antibody molecule consists of two identical heavy chains of amino
acids and two identical light chains chemically linked by disulfide bonds in what configuration?

A

Y-configuration

30
Q

Enzyme studies showed that there are how many fragments?

A

two fragments

31
Q

Enzyme studies showed that there are two fragments labeled what?

A

Fab & Fc

32
Q

two fragments labeled ______ contain the antigen binding sites

A

Fab

33
Q

It contains receptors for complement and effector cells.

A

Fc

34
Q

Fab contains what?

A

Antigen Binding Site

35
Q

Fc contains what?

A

receptors for Complement and Effector Cells

36
Q

The ___________ at the Fab fragments bind specifically and selectively to the determinants of the antigen molecule that initiated the production of the antibody.

A

antigen-binding site

37
Q

It provide some sort of scaffold where
effector cells and substances of the immune system, in particular complement
can come in close contact with the antigen for the expression of their biological
functions

A

Fc fragment

38
Q

It is a major humoral component of innate immunity and a mediator of inflammation normally present in the plasma in inactive form that are
activated to mediate or amplify the reaction.

A

Complement

39
Q

This reponse of the immune system is mediated largely by sensitized
lymphocytes.

A

cellular response

40
Q

Two types of lymphocytes

A

B-lymphocytes
T-lymphocytes

41
Q

largely produce the antibodies

A

B-lymphocytes

42
Q

mediate cellular reactivity

A

T-lymphocytes

43
Q

T-lymphocytes also known as what?

A

T-cells

44
Q

are by no means a homogenous
population like the B-cells

A

T-lymphocytes or T-cells

45
Q

They consist of subclasses or sets of
lymphocytes with different and
seemingly opposing functions

A

T-lymphocytes or T-cells

46
Q

functional classes of T-cells

A

HELPER/INDUCER T-CELLS
CYTOTOXIC/SUPPRESSOR T-CELLS

47
Q

Activated T cells secrete what?

A

INTERLEUKIN-2
(IL-2 or T cell growth factor)

48
Q

It stimulates the production of IL-2
receptors and the proliferation of T cells.

A

INTERLEUKIN-2 (IL-2 or T cell growth factor)

49
Q

The helper T cells also secrete what?

A

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 (B cell growth factors)

50
Q

It promotes the proliferation and maturation of B cells.

A

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6 (B cell growth factors)

51
Q

B cell growth factors

A

IL-4, IL-5, and IL-6

52
Q

T cell growth factor

A

IL-2

53
Q

The cellular response of the immune system is mediated largely by what?

A

SENSITIZED LYMPHOCYTES

PATHOLOGY (10 decks)

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