Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PATHOLOGY > Introduction to General Pathology > Flashcards

Introduction to General Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Pathology

A

The Study of disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

It is the branch of science that deals with all abnormalities of structure and functions.

A

Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pathology deals with what?

A

Pathology deals with all abnormalities of structure and functions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

It involves the study of cells, tissues, organs and body fluids, and is considered the link between basic sciences and clinical studies.

A

Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

It is the abnormal structural and functional changes that occur in the animal body during disease.

A

Lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is lesions?

A

The abnormal structural and functional changes that occur in the animal body during disease are called lesions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Literally, __________ is the search for and study of lesions.

A

pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In some cases, _________ may only be detectable by ___________, while others only through ________, and in some, through
_____________.

A

lesions
microscopy
biochemical
molecular methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Lesions can be detect through what?

A

microscopy
biochemical
molecular methods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

two major professional division of Pathology

A

Medical Pathology
Veterinary Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

It is dedicated to the study of diseases in humans,

A

Medical Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is medical Patnology?

A

dedicated to the study of diseases in humans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

It dealt with all animal species.

A

Veterinary Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is Veterinary Pathology?

A

Study of diseases with all animal species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Since veterinary pathology encompasses the disease of human species, it is known in some countries as _____________.

A

Comparative Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two major divisions of Pathology

A

Anatomic Pathology
Clinical Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

It deals with the study of disease in cells, tissues and organs.

A

Anatomic Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

It deals with body fluids and secretions.

A

Clinical Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

It is a traditional academic subdivision that deals with the study of the common denominators of disease, and the mechanisms of disease production.

A

General Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Essentially, it is a mechanism-oriented discipline in pathology.

A

General Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

It is another subdivision, deals with the study of specific diseases as they affect specific organs and organ system.

A

Systemic or Special Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

It deals with the study of tissue abnormalities using either gross examination or microscopic examination of sectioned materials, traditionally called histopathology.

A

Diagnostic Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

It is a gross examination or microscopic examination of sectioned materials, traditionally called ____________.

A

histopathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It deals with biopsy materials, or those materials surgically sampled from living animals.

A

Surgical Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

It deals with the manipulation, analysis and experimental production of abnormalities, with an end in view of understanding the underlying mechanism in the development of disease.

A

Experimental Pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

With the emergence of new techniques and knowledge that caters to the study of diseases, what are these new fields that emerge as specialties in pathology?

A

Immunopathology
Toxicopathology
Molecular pathology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

To the ________, the object may be to identify the disease sufficiently to come up with a rational treatment.

A

clinician

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

For a ________, the object may include rationalization for the decision for a radical intervention.

A

surgeon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

For an _________, to identify the causal associations between several factors and the disease.

A

epidemiologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Study of disease for a __________ is the definition of the cause, the course and consequences of the disease, with particular emphasis to the morphologic and functional alterations associated with the disease.

A

pathologist

31
Q

The study of disease processes may be approached in different ways?

A

• to recognize the disease entitiess in itself
• understand the course and consequence of the disease

32
Q

Understanding disease processes as they occur may include several levels of study. What are these?

A

organismal level
systemic level
ultra-structural

33
Q

One may study it at the level of the whole animal where the disease is taken up as it affects the various parts and processes that make up the animal.

A

Organismal Level

34
Q

It is to define the disease at the level of the organ system examining the disease and its effects on the various systems, or at the organ level as they occur in specific organs.

A

systemic level

35
Q

In others, it may be defined at the tissue level, while others, at the cellular level.

A

Systemic level

36
Q

Current levels include the definition of the disease at the sub cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels.

A

ultra-structural

37
Q

Of vital importance among these “tools of the trade” is the ___________.

A

Observation of gross lesions during the conduct of necropsy (or autopsy) examination.

38
Q

It is during __________ that the interrelationship of lesions found in one or more tissues, organs and systems could best be appreciated, and a mental picture of what actually occurred in the disease understood.

A

necropsy

39
Q

Examples of labeled antibody probes

A

Fluorescein-labelled
Immunoperoxidase probes

40
Q

It is defined as that body condition resulting from defects, excesses, deficiencies, and injuries as they occur at the cell and tissue level that leads to clinically apparent signs of dysfunction.

A

disease

41
Q

diseases affects what?

A

cells
tissues
organs
systems

42
Q

It deals with the evolution of a group of animals, therefore is a basic concern of students in veterinary pathology.

A

Phylogeny

43
Q

common example is that of disease where only cloven-footed animals are affected (goat, sheep, cattle, and buffalo), which are deemed to be closely related in a phylogenetic scheme.

A

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD)

44
Q

Disease in animals is a complex interplay of three interacting factors. What are these 3 factors?

A

animal
agent of the disease
environment

45
Q

Agent of disease (one of the factors)

A

biological
physical
chemical
nutritional
immunologic factors

46
Q

Animal (one of the factors)

A

Breed
Race
Genetic
Constitution
Age
Sex

47
Q

Environment (one of the factors)

A

Temperature
Humidity
Air
Quality

48
Q

The _________ has great influence on the health of the animal, as well as the ___________.

A

environment
agent of disease

49
Q

As for __________, their pathogenicity, or the capacity to cause disease determine the level of damage to the host. Yet, the effect is partly determined by the host’s level of
defense.

A

biologic agents

50
Q

It is the capacity to cause disease.

A

pathogenicity

51
Q

The developmental process from the culmination of the disease to its
termination is called __________.

A

pathogenesis

52
Q

With the disease process in progress, the
alterations in the normal functions are called ____________.

A

pathophysiology

53
Q

It is the conclusion derived from the study of the cause and pathogenesis of the disease, with an end in view of differentiating the disease in question from other diseases of similar manifestations.

A

diagnosis

54
Q

Given the diagnosis for a particular disease, it is at most time sufficiently possible to more or less predict the probable outcome of such a disease, and this outcome is called the ___________ of the disease.

A

prognosis

55
Q

It is the study of the cause of disease.

A

Etiology

56
Q

It is required to understand the pathogenesis of a disease.

A

Etiology

57
Q

It thus provides the precise cause of the disease.

A

aetiologic diagnosis

58
Q

What are the four possible outcomes as disease processes started and progresses?

A

healing and recovery
death
functional deficit
impasse

59
Q

the damage caused by the agents of disease heal, and the damaged cells and tissues regenerated or repaired by connective tissue, and the functions restored.

A

Healing and recovery

60
Q

In some cases, full restoration in structure and function are not possible, and thus the disease leaves impairment in either structure or function, or both.

A

Functional Deficit

61
Q

It is the steady state where the agent cannot cause damage any further sufficiently to cause functional impairment or death, yet the animal body cannot eliminate the agent.

A

impasse

62
Q

Animals several Defensive Mechanisms against biologic agents of disease.

A

Mechanical
Anatomic
Physiologic
Immunologic defenses

63
Q

It include those reflex reactions to presence of irritants on body surfaces.

A

Mechanical defense mechanisms

64
Q

Example of a Mechanical Defense Mechanism

A

• sneezing and coughing
• when an animal wags the tail to fend off flies and mosquitoes

65
Q

It is which the animal protect itself from potential disease causing invaders.

A

Mechanical Defense Mechanism

66
Q

It include those special zones in the animal
body as the blood-brain barriers and placental barrier that selectively permit
substances from reaching the brain and the developing fetus in gravid animals.

A

Anatomic barriers

67
Q

Example of anatomic barriers/Anatomic Defense

A

blood-brain barriers and placental barrier

68
Q

Example of Physiologic Defense

A

• the mantle of mucus in respiratory, digestive, and respiratory passageways
offers protection from invading agents of diseases
• sweat that cleanse off skin surfaces
• tears in the eye
• flushing action of urine

69
Q

It is by which the body rid itself of
offending agents, apart from the non-specific protections accorded by phagocytic
cells (neutrophils and macrophages), and natural killer cells in the body.

A

Physiologic Defense

70
Q

phagocytic cells

A

neutrophils and macrophages

71
Q

Specific white blood cell lines, called _________, and reactive plasma proteins that are specifically directed towards offending agents of disease, accord __________.

A

lymphocytes
immunologic defenses

72
Q

Example of Immunologic Defenses

A

Lymphocytes and Reactive Plasma Proteins

73
Q

Specific white blood cell lines

A

lymphocytes

PATHOLOGY (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions