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PATHOLOGY > Definition & Terminologies > Flashcards

Definition & Terminologies Flashcards

1
Q

the study of disease; literally, the study of (-logy) suffering (pathos)

A

Pathology

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2
Q

concerned with the nature and cause of disease as expressed by changes in cellular or tissue structure and function caused by the disease process

A

Pathology

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3
Q

the study of the functional, biochemical and morphological alterations in cells, tissues and organs that underlie disease

A

Pathology

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4
Q

The study of the basic reactions of cells and tissues to abnormal stimuli that underlie all diseases

A

General Pathology

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5
Q

the study of the specific responses of specialized organs and tissues to more or less well-defined pathologic stimuli

A

Systemic Pathology

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6
Q

It is a branch of pathology directed to the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases by laboratory means. It involves the collection and examination of body fluids and interpretations of laboratory findings.

A

Clinical pathology

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7
Q

Literally, the opposite of ease, or not at ease when something is wrong with a bodily function.

A

Disease

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8
Q

a disorder of structure or function, especially one that produces specific clinical signs

A

Disease

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9
Q

any deviation from, or interruption of, the normal structure or function of any part, organ or system of the body; which may be clinical (characteristic set of symptoms and signs) or subclinical and whose etiology, pathology and prognosis may be known or unknown.

A

Disease

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10
Q

Characteristic set of symptoms and signs

A

clinical

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11
Q

whose etiology, pathology and prognosis may be known or unknown

A

subclinical

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12
Q

any indication of disease perceived by the patient and a term therefore not applicable to animals; in veterinary medicine we use ‘clinical signs’ = observed abnormalities of structure

A

symptom

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13
Q

In veterinary medicine, instead of symptoms, it uses _________ = observed abnormalities of structure

A

‘clinical signs’

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14
Q

observed abnormalities of structure in animals

A

Clinical signs

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15
Q

Four aspects of a disease form the core of pathology:

A
  1. Etiology
  2. Pathogenesis
  3. Morphologic Changes
  4. Clinical significance (functional derangements)
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16
Q

the cause of disease; genetic vs acquired (e.g., infectious, nutritional,
chemical, physical, etc.).

A

Etiology

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17
Q

Example of etiology

A

infectious, nutritional, chemical, physical

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18
Q

The mechanisms or sequence of events leading from initiation of cell or tissue injury to disease development.

A

Pathogenesis

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19
Q

The structural alterations (gross or microscopic) in cells or tissues that are often characteristic of the disease.

A

Morphologic Changes

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20
Q

The nature of the morphologic changes and their distribution in organs / tissues influence normal function and determine the clinical signs, course and prognosis of the disease.

A

Clinical significance (functional derangements)

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21
Q

any structural (or functional) abnormality in an organ, tissue or cell

A

Lesion

22
Q

gross and microscopic changes (to include biochemical) in a cell, tissue, organ and system as a result of a disease

A

Lesion

23
Q

a wound or injury; a pathologic change in the tissues

A

Lesion

24
Q

It is a lesion or sign that is specifically distinctive or characteristic of a disease or pathological condition.

A

Pathognomonic

25
Q

It refers to any outside or inside influences in the animal or individual that would cause changes either in physiology and morphology of the cell.

A

Injury (or injurious agents)

26
Q

anything that upsets the homeostasis of the cell

A

Injury

27
Q

Any stimulus or succession of stimuli of such magnitude that tend to disrupt the homeostasis of the organism.

A

Stress

28
Q

The maintenance of the steady state in an organism by coordinated physiological processes or feedback mechanisms.

A

Homeostasis

29
Q

The process through which such bodily equilibrium is maintained.

A

Homeostasis

30
Q

The sequential development of disease

A

Pathogenesis

31
Q

The step-by-step progression of disease from its onset to formation of lesion and clinical manifestation.

A

Pathogenesis

32
Q

The step-by-step progression of disease from its onset to formation of lesion and clinical manifestation.

A

Pathogenesis

33
Q

Refers to the capacity to produce a disease

A

Pathogenicity

34
Q

Refers to the degree of pathogenicity or disease producing power of the organism.

A

Virulence

35
Q

It is the expected outcome or prediction of probable result of a disease

A

Prognosis

36
Q

Postmortem examination of the body to determine the nature of pathological processes that contribute to death or disease.

A

Necropsy/Autopsy

37
Q

It is usually defined as examination of a human body.

A

Autopsy

38
Q

It is the examination of any other animal.

A

Necropsy

39
Q

It is the removal and examination of tissue from the living body to establish a precise diagnosis.

A

Biopsy

40
Q

It is concise statement or conclusion concerning the nature, cause, or name
of a disease.

A

Diagnosis

41
Q

The act of deciding the nature, cause and course of a disease.

A

Diagnosis

42
Q

Types of Diagnosis

A
  1. Differential diagnosis (“rule-outs)
  2. Morphological diagnosis
  3. Clinical diagnosis
  4. Etiological diagnosis
  5. Disease (Definitive) diagnosis
43
Q

A list of diagnosis that could account for the history, clinical signs or lesions in a case.

A

Differential diagnosis (“rule-outs)

44
Q

It is a diagnosis based on the predominant gross and microscopic lesion(s) in the tissue

A

Morphological diagnosis

45
Q

It may be macroscopic (gross) or microscopic (histologic) and describes the severity duration, distribution, location and nature
(e.g., degenerative, inflammatory, neoplastic) of the lesion.

A

Morphological Diagnosis

46
Q

Example of Morphological Diagnosis

A

severe acute locally-extensive fibrinous
bronchopneumonia

47
Q

diagnosis based on data obtained from the case history, clinical signs and physical examination

A

Clinical diagnosis

48
Q

a diagnosis that names the specific (or general) cause of the disease. (e.g., parvoviral enteritis, parasitic hepatitis)

A

Etiological diagnosis

49
Q

Example of Etiological Diagnosis

A

parvoviral enteritis
parasitic hepatitis

50
Q

A specific diagnosis that states the “name of the disease”

A

Disease (Definitive) diagnosis

51
Q

A confirmatory diagnosis resulting of naming of the disease.

A

Disease (Definitive) Diagnosis

52
Q

Example of Disease (Definitive) diagnosis

A

Canine parvovirus

PATHOLOGY (10 decks)

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