Lecture 6: Functional Anatomy - Lower Extremity

Question 1

Pelvic hip complex functions

Answer 1

Provide protection
Muscle attachment sites
Moves to accommodate limb movements

Question 2

Movements of pelvis

Answer 2

Anterior tilt, posterior tilt, lateral tilt, rotation

Question 3

Hip joint

Answer 3

Ball and socket

About 70% of femoral head articulates with acetabulum

Question 4

Femoral neck

Answer 4

Formed by cancellous trabecular bone and reinforced with cortical bone, holds femur away from pelvis

Question 5

Femoral neck angle of inclination

Answer 5

90-135 degrees

Question 6

Varus of the hip

Answer 6

Less than 125 degrees

• shortens limb
• increases load on neck

Question 7

Valgus of the hip

Answer 7

Greater than 125 degrees

• lengthens limb
• reduces effectiveness of adductors
• increases load on femoral head

Question 8

Hip flexors

Answer 8

Iliopsoas
Tensor fascia latae
Pectineus
Sartorius
Rectus femoris

Question 9

Hip extensors

Answer 9

Gluteus Maximus
Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

Question 10

Hip adductors

Answer 10

Pectineus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Adductor magnus
Gracilis

Question 11

Hip abductors

Answer 11

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus
Tensor fascia latae

Question 12

Knee joint

Answer 12

Modified hinge joint, 2 DOF

Flexion/extension

Question 13

Knee articulations

Answer 13

Tibiofemoral, patellofemoral, tibiofibular

Question 14

Talocrural joint

Answer 14

• Articulation btw tibiotalar and tibiofibular joint
• Proximal
• stability
• dorsiflexion/plantarflexion

Question 15

Subtalar joint

Answer 15

Articulation btw talus and calcaneus

• largest weight bearing bones in foot
• distal to talocrural
• pronation/supination

Question 16

Midtarsal joint

Answer 16

Cacanecuboid & talonavicular

• affects mobility of mid foot
• shock absorption