Lecture 5: Functional Anatomy - Upper Extremity

Question 1

Roles of clavicle

Answer 1

• muscle attachment
• protection of trachea, esophagus, blood vessels
• stabilization of shoulder to prevent medial displacement of arm
• prevent inferior migration of shoulder girdle

Question 2

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 2

Only point of skeletal attachment of upper extremity to body

Gliding synovial joint

Question 3

Acromioclavicular joint

Answer 3

High contact stresses

Limits arm movement above head

Question 4

Glenohumeral joint

Answer 4

Shoulder joint

Synovial ball and socket joint (3 DOF)

Question 5

Scapulothoracic joint

Answer 5

• Physiologic joint, not a true anatomical joint
• muscles connect scapula to thorax
• increases mobility of humerus

Question 6

Shoulder joint movement

Answer 6

• large range of motion
• ligaments and muscles provide stability
• scapular and clavicle movements accompany any arm movement (scapulohumeral rhythm)

Question 7

Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 7

Infraspinatus
Supraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

Question 8

Shoulder muscle strength

Answer 8

Strongest during adduction

Weakest in internal/external rotation

Question 9

Radiohumeral joint

Answer 9

Synovial gliding/plane joint

Question 10

Ulnohumeral joint

Answer 10

Synovial hinge joint

Tommy johns surgery site

Question 11

Carrying angle

Answer 11

Ulnohumeral joint
Angle btw ulna and humerus with elbow extended
10-15 degrees in males, 15-25 in females

Question 12

Radioulnar joint

Answer 12

Pronation/supination

Interosseous membrane btw radius and ulna

Question 13

Elbow movement

Answer 13

Limited by soft tissue, ligaments, joint capsule, and muscles
24 muscles cross elbow

Question 14

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Answer 14

Compressional mononeuropathy
One of the most frequently reported injuries

Flexor tendons become inflamed and press on median nerve