Lecture 6 Evolutionary Social Psych Flashcards
What Evolutionary psych does not imply?
That all traits are adaptions - some things may also be the by product of the adaption (belly button from umbilical cord)
That organisms are conscious pursing fitness
What is inclusive fitness?
Capacity for genetic info to spread in the population
Direct classical fitness - number of offspring
Indirect fitness - via increasing the classical fitness of others who also share ones genes
Not all kin are equal - depends on how close we are
What is hamiltons rule?
rB> C
R= degree of relatedness B= benefit to recipient C = cost
Based on this rule, one is likely to perform altruistic acts for someone who is kin, and close kin…
How is altruism affected by the degree of relatedness between children and parents
Daly and Wilson (1988)
Child abuse is 40-100 times higher if there’s a step parent. Related parents to children are important for their wellbeing
Mums may also be nicer to children becau there may be a degree of uncertainty in paternity
How does grandparent relatedness to grandchildren affect altruism
Maternal grandmother is very certain of relatedness - nicest
Mothers father is more invested than fathers mother - maybe bc paternal grand,other might also have daughters themselves who have kids - more invested… Bc sure of paternity
This pattern is only found when the kids have cousins
What is reciprocal altruism?
Altruism towards non kin can evolve as long as it is reciprocated
So in long run both people benefit
What is social contract theory? Cosmides & Tooby, 1992
Reciprocal altruism can evolve if it’s protected from cheaters
Evolved cheater detection systems - recognition of individuals, memory of interaction histories… Etc…. To detect cheaters!!!!
Watson card selection and social contracts.
Use cards with a vowel on one side, always has an even number on the other side
To see if people know how to check violations
If you have A H 7 4 , you should pick a and 7…..
If you pick 4 then ur affirming the consequent…
Coke/alcohol example also
Are females more discriminating?
Yes
Trivers,1972 - more parental investment
Clark & Hatfield (1989) - 75% of men would have sex with a stranger, 0% of women would. Men Want more sexual partners
Women also value resources and status As it will be more likely to be able to assist with investment in offspring - buss & schmitt
What do men want?
Because men’s reproductive success is basically limited to access to viable partners, their preferences is in fertility
- youth, waist to hip ratio
How can we tell who to not have sex with?
Kin recognition
Maybe proximity and early association - sexual aversion to people were raised with
But if this is true, then we should see this aversion also with friends we grew up with
Shepher, 1971 - people seem to have an aversion to marry people they grew up with even if unrelated
Infant brides - lower fertility rate and higher divorce rate
Lieberman - people raised with opposite sex siblings were more violated by third party incest.
Kurzban study with the decoupling of coalition and race?
Found that when race is decoupled from coalition formation (through shared appearance and verbal characteristics), people make ,ore errors within coalition than within race errors
But for sex, Pepe still make mostly within sex errors
Challenges are criticisms of evolutional psychology?
Reductionistic
Genetically deterministic - no nurture.
Implications for morality - because this is the way it’s evolved.. This is the way it should be..
Pan adaptionalism
Read confer 2010
Assumptions of evolutionary psych.
Mind is not a blank slate - adaptations, domain specific
Environment of evolutionary adaptedNess - EEA - we have adaptions that may have been adaptive in the past (hunter gatherer days) but are no longer be so
