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S&C > Lecture 6 - Endogenous hormones II > Flashcards

Lecture 6 - Endogenous hormones II Flashcards

1
Q

What secretes Growth Hormone?

A

Pituitary gland

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2
Q

What does GH produce and where?

A

IGF in the liver

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3
Q

What is GH regulated by?

A

Neuroendocrine mechanisms

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4
Q

What is GH mediated by?

A

Secondary hormones - IGF1

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5
Q

When is GH secretion at it’s highest?

A

During the night

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6
Q

How is GH secreted throughout the day?

A

In a pulsatile fashion

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7
Q

Are basal GH levels high in men or women and why?

A

Women to make up for lower testosterone

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8
Q

When are GH concentrations highest in women?

A

Late follicular phase

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9
Q

What happens to GH at exercise?

A

Stimulates during exercise

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10
Q

How does exercise duration effect GH levels?

A

Long duration exercise causes more GH production

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11
Q

When do GH concentrations peak?

A

Post exercise

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12
Q

How can we manipulate exercise to increase GH levels?

A 
Less rest (<1 min)
Multiple sets (+3)
Moderate intensity (+10 reps)
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13
Q

What cells does GH bind with?

A

Only those that have been active

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14
Q

What are the chronic changes in resting levels of GH in trained vs untrained

A

No change, same in trained as in untrained

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15
Q

What are the changes in acute GH response to exercise in trained vs untrained?

A

Lower GH response in trained vs untrained

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16
Q

Where and by what is IGF-1 secreted?

A

In the liver by GH

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17
Q

What is the IGF-1 that is produced by the muscle called?

A

Mechano Growth Factor

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18
Q

Name 3 effects of IGF-1

A

Increase glucose use
Increase glycogen synthesis
Increase amino acid transport to cell

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19
Q

How is IGF-1 secreted throughout the day?

A

Consistent rhythm - unresponsive to buy comp, health status and diet

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20
Q

If basal concentrations are low, what happens to IGF-1 during exercise?

A

Increases

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21
Q

If basal concentrations are high, what happens to IGF-1 during exercise?

A

No change or slightly decreases

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22
Q

What type of muscle contraction stimulated IGF-1?

A

Eccentric

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23
Q

How can you adapt exercise to increase IGF-1 secretion?

A

Increase sets (+3)

24
Q

Why is it hard to assess anabolic hormone levels?

A

Differ dramatically due to;
Time of day
Proximity to last training session
Quantity of muscle mass

25
Q

What can chronic changes in Testosterone lead to?

A

Increased LDL Cholesterol

26
Q

Name 2 diseases that involve hormone deficiency?

A

Hypogonadism and GH deficiency

27
Q

How do old people differing response to young people in terms resistance exercise?

A

No difference

28
Q

What happens to testosterone levels as we get older?

A

Decrease

29
Q

Who builds muscle tissue faster when training at the same intensity, men or women?

A

No difference

30
Q

Who has higher increase in testosterone following exercise, men or women?

A

Men

31
Q

How does unilateral exercise influence testosterone, GH and IGF-1 levels?

A

No difference in T, slight increase in GH and no difference in IGF-1

32
Q

Do increase in erogenous anabolic hormones increase the body’s response to resistance training?

A

Currently, doesn’t seem to have any effect

33
Q

Does a heavy leg training session before training biceps increase anabolic response?

A

Increases in anabolic hormones but not different muscle protein synthesis

34
Q

Which hormone has the greatest influence on the nerves?

A

Testosterone

35
Q

Which hormone is higher in women than men at rest?

A

Growth hormone

36
Q

An athletes can be put in jail for using which of the following;

  • EPO
  • Growth hormone
  • Anabolic steroids
  • Clenbuterol
A

Anabolic steroids

37
Q

Which one of the following is effective in increasing steroid hormone levels or steroid action in the body?

a. Sterols such as y-oryzanol
b. Boron
c. Human chorionic gonadotropin
d. Beta-agonists such as clenbuterol
e. Yohimbe bark extract

A

Hormone chorionic gonadotropin

38
Q

There are several good reasons that a healthy adult athlete should not use growth hormone. Which one of the following is not one of these reasons?

a. High cost
b. Potential health risks
c. Ergogenic benefits are uncertain
d. Adults will become excessively tall

A

Adults will become excessively tall

39
Q

Which one of the following is not known to increase circulating growth hormone levels?

a. Ornithine
b. Sleep
c. High-intensity exercise
d. Boron

A

Boron

40
Q

Which three of the following substances are known to produce an anabolic effect (increase lean body mass)?

a. T estosterone
b. Chromium
e. L-carnitine
f. Thyroid hormones

A

Testosterone
L-carnitine
Thyroid hormones

41
Q

Which of the following hormones enhance muscle tissue growth?

A

GH and IGF-1
IGF-1 and cortisol
Cortisol
GH

42
Q

The action of the hormone IGF causes

a. Just myoblast differentiation
b. Both myoblast proliferation and differentiation
c. Just myoblast proliferation

A

B

43
Q

What is the half life of IGF

A

12-15 hours

44
Q

Why might endurance athletes use anabolic steroids?

a. Helps recovery after training
b. It promotes transportation of type IIx to type IIa fibres
c. It causes muscle hypertrophy
d. Allows a greater load of training to be tolerated during exercise

A

A and D

45
Q

Autocrine production of IGF-1 by the muscles may be more important for causing hypertrophy, why?

A

Blood bourne IGF is bound by binding proteins

46
Q

True or false - the efficacy of anabolic steroids follows the typical dose response curve?

A

True

47
Q

What factors cause an acute increase in blood testosterone levels during exercise?

a. Large muscle mass exercises
b. A significant increase in blood lactate concentration
c. Small muscle mass exercises

A

A and B

48
Q

What does “stacking” involve in regards o administering anabolic steroids?

A

Taking many anabolic steroids together

49
Q

Testosterone receptor sensitivity is potentiated by a single exercise session by:

a. Production of local inflammatory cytokines
b. Muscle spindle activation as a result of sheer stress
c. Increase in extracellular potassium concentrations
d. Activation of high threshold motor units

A

C and D

50
Q

What do Leydig cells produce?

A

Testosterone

51
Q

A great IGF-1 production can be stimulated by which type of exercise?

A

Eccentric

52
Q

True or false - multiple set training is thought to enhance resting IGF-1?

A

True

53
Q

What is the abbreviation of MGF

A

Mechano growth factor

54
Q

A blunted training response to IGF-1 has been seen in which type of athletes?

A

Those with initially high resting levels of IGF-1

55
Q

The hypothalamic dysfunction may result in the interruption of testosterone production due to the lack of production of what hormone?

A

Gonadotropin releasing hormone

56
Q

Why are increases in blood hormone concentrations immediately post-exercise favourable?

A

Increase the probability of interaction with receptors

S&C (11 decks)

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