Lecture 10 - Exogenous drug administration Flashcards
What does an ergogenic aid mean?
Anything that is “work generating” - could be trainers, sport psychologist or drugs
What are anabolic steroids?
Man made derivatives of the male sex hormone, testosterone
Effects of anabolic steroids
- Increased muscle mass
- Increased neuromuscular function
- Increased strength
- Increased training intensity
- Increased acute performance
Give 2 reasons why anabolic steroids are hard to administers?
- Rapidly degrades
2. Athletes not honest about usage
What is the half life of testosterone supplementation?
1.5 days to 3 months
Effects of intramuscular infusion of steroids rather than oral?
Oral steroids have a lot more physiological processes to bypass before effects - injecting steroids have more potent effects and harder to track
Why do athletes cycle ingestion?
- Avoid negative side effects
- Avoid positive drug tests
What is a pro-hormone?
Biological precursor for any hormone; increases substances which act upon the hormone
Advantages or using pro-hormones?
Less chance of flagging up in drugs test as you have not direct acted on the hormone
Who uses anabolic steroids?
Generally strength/bodybuilding athletes but used across the spectrum
Does exogenous administration of testosterone work and if so by how much?
Yes - up to 4x increase even with low dose
What are the effects on muscle mass if you don’t exercise but take anabolic steroids?
Increased muscle mass - most potent with exercise and use of testosterone
How do you distinguish between endogenous and exogenous testosterone?
Study carbon isotope ratio
Do steroids have a dose response?
Yes - are steroids taken, more potent effect
What are the Therapeutic and Abuse doses of testosterone?
Therapeutic - 5-20mg/d
Abuse - 50-200mg/d
Chronic side effects of steroids
Bodybuilders have earlier death rates
Numerous health complications in later life
Short term side effect of steroids
- Acne
- Blood pressure rise
- Rapid weight gain
- Insomnia
- Headaches
- Swelling
- Balding
- Oily skin
- Puffy cheeks
What is hormone stacking?
Table multiple drugs simultaneously
What are the benefits of hormone stacking?
Taking one anabolic agent might enhance the productivity of another
Side effects of HGH
Acromegaly and over calcification of bones
Where is EPO produced?
In kidneys to stimulate RBC production
Effect of EPO injections
Increased levels of haematocrit and haemoglobin - increases oxygen carrying capacity and endurance capacity
What percentage increase in harmatocrit, haemoglobin an aerobic capacity can be seen with 6 weeks EPO injections?
HC - 50%
Hb - 10%
Aerobic capacity - 6-8%
Health risks of EPO?
- Blood clotting
- Systolic BP increase
- Compromised thermoregulatory system
- Dehydration during anabolic events
What is the effect of ingesting human chorionic gonadotropin in men?
Increase testicular testosterone production
Effects of beta-adrenergic agonists
Increased adrenaline/noradrenaline
- Increased lipolysis, lower lipogenesis
- Stimulate CHO breakdown
Effect of beta blockers
Block effect of adrenaline/noradrenaline
- Reduce anxiety and tremors
- Used in shooting
