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Animal Behavior > Lecture 6: Elimination Behavior Problems of Dogs & Cats (Curtis) > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Elimination Behavior Problems of Dogs & Cats (Curtis) Flashcards

1
Q

First thing you should do when dog presents with elimination problem?

A

Rule out medical causes (i.e. UTI, Cushings, Diabetes, arthritis,etc.)

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2
Q

Common behavioral causes of improper elimination in dogs

A
  • submission
  • excitement
  • territoriality
  • incomplete housetraining
  • separation anxiety
  • cognitive dysfunction
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3
Q

submissive urination and tx

A

dog urinates when people interact with it in a “threatening” manner. Dog shows submission. Tx: NO punishment, avoid eliciting (don’t “threaten” dog), desensitization, counter-conditioning, classical conditioning

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4
Q

excitemetn urination and tx

A

urination when exhibiting other behaviors of excitement. Often occurs when o arrives home or someone enters the house. tx = ignore dog (extinction), reinforce calm behavior, response substitution, NO punish.

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5
Q

How does reinforcement and rate of behavior change when using extinction?

A

Reinforcement (attention) ceases. Behavior (i.e. jumping) initially increases, then declines

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6
Q

Marking is predominantly seen in male/female dogs

A

male

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7
Q

tx for marking (4)

A

1) NEUTER! (>90% decrease in 25-40% dogs)
2) environmental management (i.e. prevent access)
3) punishment
4) progestin therapy

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8
Q

tx for incomplete housetraining

A
  • take out frequently
  • withhold food/water at certain times
  • praise for proper elimination
  • NO inappropriate punishment
  • confine dog
  • interrupt improper elimination
  • accompany outside
  • crate training
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9
Q

3 conditions of proper punishment

A

must be immediate, consistent, and appropriate for individual

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10
Q

possible behavioral causes of incomplete housetraining

A

separation anxiety, cognitive dysfunction

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11
Q

what percent of pet cats at some time exhibit an elimination behavior problem?

A

at least 10%

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12
Q

what is assoc. with the highest risk of relinquishment of pet cats to an animal shelter?

A

inappropriate elimination!

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13
Q

Do cats that MARK usually also eliminate in their litter box normally?

A

yes

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14
Q

marking cats target areas of:

A

“behavioral significance”/ provoking stimuli

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15
Q

Can improper elimination include defecation?

A

yes

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16
Q

cats usually (squat/stand) while eliminating, and (squat/stand) while marking

A

squat while eliminating, stand while marking

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17
Q

Do cats usually void entire bladder while marking?

A

NO. Yes while eliminating

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18
Q

medical causes for elimination in cats

A
  • diseases causing PU/PD
  • neuro dz
  • diseases causing pain/discomfort
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19
Q

physical causes for elim. in cats

A

too much hair in perineal area/between toes

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20
Q

Ways to find out which cat is eliminating

A
  • confinement
  • fluorescein
  • crayons
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21
Q

If cat stops improperly eliminating when it is confined, what may this indicate?

A

In a multi-cat household, may indicate there is an issue b/w one or more of the other cats that is causing the cat to improperly eliminate.

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22
Q

If accidents are close to the box, what does this indicate?

A

cat can get to box, there’s just something wrong with the box or litter.

23
Q

elimination or marking is usually due to underlying anxiety?

A

marking

24
Q

1 symptom of separation anxiety in cats

A

inappropriate urination

25
Q

inappropriate urination most often occurs where?

A

owner’s bed

26
Q

vocalization in litter box is often indicative of:

A

pain/discomfort

27
Q

cat that stands on side of litter box is often indicative of:

A

cat not liking substrate

28
Q

5 diagnoses of elimination in cats. Which is LEAST common?

A

1) substrate aversion
2) substrate preference
3) litter box aversion
4) location aversion
5) location preference (least common)

29
Q

symptoms of substrate/box aversion

A

perching on edge of box, minimal digging, shaking paws, hurried exit from box.

30
Q

main causes of substrate aversion

A
  • substrate change
  • box type/hygiene
  • painful event assoc. with litter box
31
Q

what kind of litter is most preferred?

A

fine clay litter

32
Q

substrate preference may be result of:

A

early learning

33
Q

place litter box in this kind of environment to avoid location aversion:

A

quiet, core area, well-lit, away from food/H2O

34
Q

signs of location preference

A

cat continues to eliminate in former location when litter box removed

35
Q

general treatment of location preference

A

environmental modification: clean soiled areas and make that area undesirable for future elimination. Make appropriate areas desirable, find litter box/substrate that cat likes

36
Q

rule of thumb for how many litter boxes you should have in a household

A

of cats + 1

37
Q

What is the “recommended” kind of litter box?

A

large storage box, +/- splash guard

38
Q

proper litter box hygiene

A
  • scoop box 1-2x/day

- change litter and clean box 1x/week

39
Q

T/F: urine marking/spraying is part of normal cat communication

A

T

40
Q

possible reasons for urine marking

A

hormonal, territorial, anxiety/stress

41
Q

How to deter urine marking

A

1) spay/neuter **
2) deny access to windows
3) motion detectors
4) play interactively
5) avoid schedule changes
6) feliway
7) medication

42
Q

What is feliway?

A

an alleged synthetic analogue of feline facial pheromone. Supposed to decrease urine marking or inter-cat aggression. Mixed results

43
Q

factors involved in choosing a pharmacolofical tx for cat elimination/marking:

A
  • cause of problem
  • health of cat
  • underlying social interactions
  • owner compliance
  • expense
44
Q

T/F: ALL use of drugs for elimination/marking is “off-label” and requires owner informed consent

A

T

45
Q

other alternatives for cat elimination/marking

A

cat enclosures/fences, board cat

46
Q

Types of pharmacological tx for cat elim./marking

A
  • serotonin partial agonists
  • selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors
  • tricyclic antidepressants
  • anxiolytics
  • hormones
47
Q

what is buspirone?

A

a serotonin partial agonist that treats elim./marking in cats. avoid use in aggressive cats

48
Q

name 3 selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors

A

fluoxetine (prozac), paroxetine (paxil), and sertraline (zoloft)

49
Q

side-effects of sertraline (zoloft)

A

inappetance, sedation, constipation

50
Q

2 tricyclic antidepressants

A

amitryptiline (elavil) and clomipramine (anafranil)

51
Q

side effects of clomipramine (anafranil)

A

sedation, anticholinergic effects, GI upset

52
Q

benzodiazepines are a type of:

A

anxiolytics

53
Q

2 benzodiazepines. Side effects?

A

alprazolam (xanax) and diazepam (valium). Diazepam can cause hepatotoxicity

54
Q

what kind of hormones are used to treat improper elimination/marking in cats? Side effects?

A

synthetic progestins such as medroxyprogesterone acetate (depo-provera), and megestral acetate (ovaban, megace). The latter has side-effects of mammary neoplasia and bone marrow suppression

Animal Behavior (11 decks)

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