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Animal Behavior > Lecture 4: Canine Social Organization, Communication & Aggressive (Curtis) > Flashcards

Lecture 4: Canine Social Organization, Communication & Aggressive (Curtis) Flashcards

0
Q

Puppies handled during what age are most responsive to humans?

A

5-7 wks

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1
Q

“sensitive” periods for dog-dog, dog-human, and for dog to explore novel environment

A

period of time when animal is plastic and open to new experiences.

dog-dog: 3-8 wks
dog-human: 5-12 wks
novel environment: 10-20 wks

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2
Q

What happens if puppies are raised only with kittens from 2.5 to 13 wks?

A
  • don’t recognize dogs as conspecifics

- prefer to be around cats

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3
Q

What happens if pups separated from mother at 6 wks?

A
  • neg. effect on physical condition
  • no superior human bonding created
  • at-risk for anxiety-based issues
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4
Q

At what age do pups develop attachment to location and companions?

A

6-7 wks

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5
Q

At what age do pups develop elimination/location preference?

A

by 8.5 wks

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6
Q

At what age do pups have best response to novel objects?

A

5-9 wks

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7
Q

At what age does stabilization of pup-pup social hierarchy occur?

A

11-15 wks

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8
Q

Best time to adopt puppies

A

12-14 wks

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9
Q

What is ritual signaling?

A

normal “soft” communication of body language between dogs. Involves ears, tail, head, lips, stance, eye contact, licking, mounting, and urine marking.

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10
Q

4 signs of aggression

A

snarling, growling, snapping, biting

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11
Q

up and forward ears represents:

A

alert/dominance, confidence

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12
Q

down and back ears represent:

A
  • fear/submission/anxiety
  • excitement/anxiety

dominant/confident dogs may also lay their ears back to protect them from damage in a fight

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13
Q

Up tail represents:

A

alert/dominance

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14
Q

midlevel tail represents:

A

relaxed, attentive

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15
Q

down tail represents:

A

fear/submission

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16
Q

an up head represents:

A

alert/dominance

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17
Q

Down/turned away head represents:

A

fear/submission

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18
Q

elevation of the lips w/o retraction of the commissure represents:

A

dominant aggressive threat

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19
Q

retraction of the commissure with exposure of the teeth represent:

A

defensive threat, submission

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20
Q

upright/leaning forward stance represents:

A

alert/dominance

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21
Q

crouched stance represents:

A

fear/submission

22
Q

what is the most submissive position?

A

rolling over (lying down = 2nd most)

23
Q

mounting represents:

A

dominance. Usually is social NOT sexual!

24
Q

dominance in eyes:

A

staring

25
Q

submission in eyes:

A

looking away, blinking

26
Q

Dog who urinates over another dog’s urine is dominant or submissive?

A

dominant

27
Q

metacommunication

A

a form of communication in which info is provided that modifies the meaning of subsequent communication. ex- the “play bow”

28
Q

deferent = dominant or submissive?

A

submissive

29
Q

signals of dominance/confidence

A
  • ears erect/forward
  • tail elevated
  • makes/hold eye contact
  • body leans forward
  • piloerection (hair stands on end)
  • standing over/jumping on
30
Q

signals of submission/anxiety

A
  • ears lowered and turned back
  • body lowered
  • tail tucked
  • turns head/body away
  • averts eyes
  • may roll on back
  • may urinate
  • licks
31
Q

T or F: No treatment for aggression is 100% effective

A

T

32
Q

Aggression directed at humans is almost exclusively related to: *

A

fear/anxiety

33
Q

4 F’s that result from fear

A

fight, flight, freeze, fiddle (ie. lip-licking, yawning)

34
Q

what is fear aggression? Treatment?

A

aggression coupled with signals of fear and submission.
Tx options: do NOT punish, avoid situations that are likely to trigger fearful/defensive behavior, classical conditioning, desensitization, counter-conditioning, off-label use of medications

35
Q

possessive aggression and Tx

A

dog defends specific items, but otherwise doesn’t exhibit aggression. often fear-based.
Tx- remove defended items or desensitization/counter-condition

36
Q

Tx of territorial aggression

A

Tx - don’t give a territorially aggressive dog a territory to defend! Never leave dog outside alone, DS & CC, classical conditioning

37
Q

protective aggression and Tx

A

an extension of territorial aggression. Dog perceives that the owner is threatened.
Tx - avoid situations that dog believes it needs to protect, command control, DS & CC, classical conditioning, collar/harness

38
Q

maternal aggression

A

post-partum protective aggression of pups. Usually wanes as puppies mature

39
Q

pain aggression is usually assoc. with what conditions? Tx?

A

chronic conditions, nail trims, grooming, arthritis, skin conditions
Tx: make medication positive, treat underlying condition

40
Q

risk factors for predatory aggression? Tx?

A

loose dogs, history of predatory behavior.

Tx: contain dog, command control, DS & CC, classical conditioning, harness/muzzle, medications

41
Q

dominance aggression and tx

A

persistent aggression accompanied by multiple ritual dominance signals directed toward the owner. A “problem of relationships.”
Tx: NO punishment, alpha rolling

42
Q

Canine hieracrchy

A

canine relationships are FLUID, with contextual deference and a continuum of possible scenarios. Disputes usually settled through ritual signalling

43
Q

Reasons for inter-dog aggression

A

status-related, fear, arousal, possessive, protective, territorial, redirected, predatory

44
Q

non-household aggression

A

usually territorial or fear based. Difficult for owners to control

45
Q

household aggression

A

b/w dogs in same household. Most commonly limited to one pair of dogs. More severe than aggression b/w non-housemates. Female-female aggression most severe

46
Q

Triggers for household aggression

A

excitement, control over resources, physical proximity, owner presence (esp. when owner SUPPORTS the victim and PUNISHES the aggressor)

47
Q

When does household aggression usually onset?

A
  • onset of social maturity of younger dog (18-24 mo. old)
  • hierarchy not clearly established
  • “dominant” dog is aging or ill
48
Q

increased irritability –> tolerance to conspecifics

A

decreases

49
Q

Tx for household aggression

A
  • separate dogs when not supervised
  • establish owner control
  • collars, harnesses, spay/neuter
  • stabilize pack hierarchy by identifying and supporting dominant dog
  • avoid “mixed signals”
  • allow and reward ritualized signaling
  • off-label use of medications
50
Q

Bottom line goal for stopping household aggression

A

diffuse the situation and to give both of the dogs a way out

51
Q

Tx for evenly matched dogs who try to both be “top dog”

A
  • randomize order of feeding and handling
  • desensitize and counter-condition to each other’s proximity
  • look for ritualized signals and reward

Prognosis is poorer if: initiator is younger than target, person has been bitten, or aggression is unpredictable

52
Q

Types of aggression (11)

A
  • Fear
  • Possessive
  • Territorial
  • Protective
  • Maternal
  • Pain
  • Predatory
  • Dominance
  • Inter-dog
  • Non-household
  • Household

Animal Behavior (11 decks)

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