Lecture 10: Compulsive Disorders (Curtis)

Question 0

Compulsion

Answer 0

repetitive behavior or mental act done to prevent or reduce anxiety or distress.

Question 1

def. of obsession

Answer 1

persistent idea, thought, impulse, or image that is experienced as intrusive and inappropriate and that causes marked anxiety or distress

Question 2

What is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual used to diagnose?

Answer 2

compulsion

Question 3

obessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

Answer 3

a human psychiatric diagnosis. Only compulsions, not obessions can be confirmed in animals, although both probably occur.

Question 4

redirected behavior

Answer 4

motivation to perform an activity toward an appropriate target is interrupted/prevented, so behavior is directed toward a less appropriate target. Can develop in stereotypy

Question 5

displacement behavior

Answer 5

motivation to perform two behaviors that are in conflict with each other, then perform an unrelated behavior that is out of context. can develop into stereotypy

Question 6

vacuum activity

Answer 6

instinctive behavior performed in the absence of the stimulus to which it would normally be directed. No apparent useful purpose. Can develop into stereotypy

Question 7

Stereotypy

Answer 7

a specific behavior pattern that is repetitive, constant, predictable, and w/o obvious goal or function. Not ALL stereotypies are compulsive disorders!

Question 8

How to tell difference b/w stereotypy and compulsive disorder

Answer 8

If behavior continues after stress is removed, you have a true compulsive behavior. If it doesn’t continue, it’s a stereotypy

Question 9

Describe behavior assoc. with a compulsive disorder:

Answer 9

• out of context
• exaggerated or excessive
• repeated
• continue even when source of stress is removed
• may interfere w/ normal functions

Question 10

Etiology of compulsive disorders

Answer 10

multifactorial causes. Probably involves NT changes. Can have ACQUIRED causes (ie. conflict, frustration, stress, inappropriate environments, physical lesions, etc.) or GENETIC causes (some genetic strains are predisposed to develop compulsive disorder)

Question 11

Equines are predisposed to which compulsive behaviors?

Answer 11

cribbing, stall circling, pawing, weaving, stall kicking, flank biting.

Question 12

What is cribbing?

Answer 12

horse grasps a horizontal surface w/ its incisors and aspirates air into the pharynx

Question 13

Catte are predisposed to which compulsive behaviors?

Answer 13

bar licking, tongue rolling

Question 14

Pigs are predisposed to which compulsive behaviors?

Answer 14

rooting, chain chewing

Question 15

Birds are predisposed to which compulsive behaviors?

Answer 15

feather-picking and self-mutilation (esp. cockatoos and african greys)

Question 16

Dobermans are predisposed to which compulsive behaviors?

Answer 16

flank sucking

Question 17

Bull Terriers are predisposed to which compulsive behaviors?

Answer 17

spinning, freezing

Question 18

Miniature schnauzers are predisposed to which compulsive behaviors?

Answer 18

checking hind end, freezing, fly chasing, star gazing

Question 19

Large breed dogs are predisposed to which compulsive behaviors?

Answer 19

acral lick granuloma

Question 20

oriental cat breeds are predisposed to which compulsive behaviors?

Answer 20

wool sucking, fabric eating

Question 21

when diagnosing compulsive disorder (CD), you should rule out:

Answer 21

seizure activity. An animal with true CD is fully conscious, can be interrupted, w/ no post-ictal phase.

Question 22

6 classifications of compulsive disorder. How are they classified?

Answer 22

• LIGVAH
  1. Locomotion
  2. Ingestive
  3. Grooming
  4. Vocalization
  5. Aggression
  6. Hallucinatory

Question 23

Examples of locomotion CD

Answer 23

circling, tail chasing, pacing, digging, freezing, shadow chasing

Question 24

examples of grooming CD

Answer 24

chewing/licking self, flank sucking, self-mutilation

Question 25

what is psychogenic alopecia?

Answer 25

excessive grooming. classified as a grooming CD

Question 26

examples of ingestive CD

Answer 26

polyphagia, polydipsia, wool sucking/chewing, pica

Question 27

examples of vocalization CD

Answer 27

rhythmic barking, howling, crying, self-directed vocalization

Question 28

ex. of aggression CD

Answer 28

self-directed aggression, attack inanimate objects

Question 29

feline hyperesthesia syndrome

Answer 29

possible neurological disorder (could also be just behavioral) in which cat attacks/mutilates tail and is hyperesthetic to light touch on back, flanks or tail region. Neurological origins could be from paresthesias (tingly feeling on skin), sensory neuropathy, or myopathy.

Question 30

examples of hallucinatory CD

Answer 30

staring, fly chasing, searching for imaginary prey

Question 31

Neurophysiology

Answer 31

the study of how different behaviors rely on different neural pathways. May explain differential responsiveness of various forms of OCD to different medications.

Question 32

What medical considerations should be made when diagnosing CD?

Answer 32

rule out medical problems, treat concurrent medical conditions

Question 33

what environmental modifications need to be made with CD?

Answer 33

• identify/remove cause of conflict
• reduce env. stress
• provide sufficient stimulation
• provide consistent exercise schedule
• provide predictable env.

Question 34

behavioral modifications for CD

Answer 34

• structured interactions
• no punish.
• avoid reinforcing undesirable behaviors
• response substitution
• distract and redirect*
• DS/CC to stress-inducing scenarios

Question 35

pharm. tx for CD

Answer 35

SSRIs, Tri-cyclic antidepressants, narcotic antagonists, antipsychotics/neuroleptics, anticonvulsants (phenobarbital, neurontin, keppra)

Long-term tx uses TCA,SSRI. Short-term tx uses benzodiazepine (alprazolam)