lecture 6: discovery of DNA and DNA replication Flashcards
(86 cards)
what is the monomer of nucleic acid?
nucleotides
what are the polymers of nucleic acid?
DNA and RNA
what are the monomers linked by in nucleic acids?
phosphodiester bonds
what are the functions of DNA and RNA respectively
DNA: info storage
RNA: transmission of info (transcription/translation)
what does DNA stand for?
deoxyribonucleic acid
what does RNA stand for?
ribonucleic acid
what are the types of RNA?
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)
mRNA (messenger RNA)
what are the characteristics of DNA?
-contains genes which code for protein synthesis
-double stranded
what are the characteristics of RNA?
-functions in the synthesis of proteins
-single stranded
what are the 2 different types of nitrogenous bases that can be contained in nucleotides?
-pyrimidines
-purines
what is the difference between a pyrimidine and a purine?
-pyrimidine: 6-membered ring made of carbon and nitrogen
-purine: 5-membered ring fused to a 6-membered ring (both rings made of carbon and nitrogen)
which nitrogenous bases are pyrimidines?
-Cytosine,
- thymine (DNA)
-Uracil (RNA)
which nitrogenous bases are purines?
adenine and guanine
what are the components of nucleotides?
-nitrogen containing bases
-pentose sugar
-phosphate group
what is the pentose sugar for DNA?
deoxyribose
what is the pentose sugar for RNA?
ribose
what is the difference between ribose and deoxyribose?
deoxyribose lacks an oxygen on carbon 2
what does a nucleic acid look like?
what are the base pairing rules in DNA? how many bonds are between each?
C=G (3 bonds)
A=T (2 bonds)
what are the pairing rules between RNA and DNA?
all the same as base pairing rules, except for A will pair with U on RNA (cause RNA doesn’t have Thymine)
Which Pentoses are these?
true or false, purines bind with purines, and pyrimidines bind with pyrimidines?
false. strands are complementary. purines bind with pyrimidines
with which bonds are DNA strands held together by?
H bonds between nitrogenous bases
what do we mean by saying that DNA strands are antiparallel?
oen strand runs from 5’ to 3’, and the other runs from 3’ to 5’