lecture 1: amino acids Flashcards
what are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
what are the polymers of proteins?
polypeptide
by which bond are amino acids linked?
peptide bond
what are the components to each amino acid?
-central carbon
-hydrogen group
-amino group (NH2)
-carboxyl group (COOH)
-R group
what differentiates the 20 different amino acids?
the R group
in what form is the amino group more stable? what are the 2 forms it can exist as?
it can exist as NH2 or NH3+, but its more stable as NH3+ in our bodies so thats how it exists.
what is common between each amino acid?
backbone
what is another word for R group?
side chain
what are the properties of a non-basic/acidic hydrophilic amino acid? (polar side chains)
the side chains contain hydroxyl (OH), carbonyl (C=O) and sulfhydryl (SH) groups
what happens if you see an oxygen in the side chain of an amino acid?
it must be at least polar
what are the properties of a basic hydrophilic amino acid? (electrically charged side chains) what is the charge?
the side chain is charged positivly. the charge is due to a positive amino group (NH2/NH3) in the R group. CHARGED AT PH 7
what are the properties of an acididc hydrophilic amino acid? (electrically charged side chains) what is the charge? CHARGED AT PH 7
the side chain is charged negatively. this charge is due to a negatively charged carboxyl group (COO/COOH)
how does carboxyl exist in our bodies in the backbone of amino acids?
as COO-
what are the properties of a hydrophobic amino acid? (polar side chains)
the side chains are made up of carbons, hydrogens and methyl groups (CH3)
What happens to an amino acid in very acidic conditions?
Backbone becomes positively charged. The carbonyl group gains an H+, due to the fact that there are more H+ in the environment
What happens to an amino acid in very basic conditions?
The amino group loses its proton, therefore it is no longer positively charged and the negative charge of the carboxyl takes over.