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Compounding Exam 1 > lecture 6 - capsules > Flashcards

lecture 6 - capsules Flashcards

1
Q

capsules are a solid dosage form in which medicinal agents/excipients are enclosed in a small shell of what

A

either gelatin or synthetic polymers

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2
Q

what may be encapsulated in capsules?**

A

any liquid/solid/semisolid that DOES NOT DISSOLVE GELATIN (or synthetic polymers

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3
Q

true or false

liquids can be encapsulated in capsules

A

true they can

as long as they don’t dissolve gelatin/synthetic polymers

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4
Q

what are HGC and SGC

A

hard/soft gelatin capsules

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5
Q

which solid dosage form allows powders to be delivered in a LOOSE FORM**

A

capsules - do not need to be compressed!!! no granulation required

can be dispensed in UNCOMPRESSED form

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6
Q

true or false

capsules are more stable and easier to transport and store than liquids

A

true

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7
Q

true or false

capsules cannot be easily identified, which is a disadvantage

A

FALSE
they can many colors lines symbols

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8
Q

a disadvanttage of capsules is that they are subject to the effects of what 2 things**

A

relative humidity and microbial contamination

geltain and polymers can easily absorb water fro the air – becomes both stability and microbial issue bc they grow in free water

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9
Q

true or false***

a major disadvantage of capsules is that hygroscopic and deliquescent substances cannot be formulated into capsules

A

TRUE

will absorb the water from the shell and the shell will become brittle

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10
Q

what will happen if an efflorescent material is formulated into a capsule

A

water will be liberated and the shell will absorb, making the shell SOGGY

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11
Q

true or false

capsules are not suitable for pediatric patients

A

true - this is a disadvantage

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12
Q

name the components of hard gelatin capsules vs soft gelatin capsules

A

gelatin
water
sugar

for soft gelatin: gelatin, glycerin or sorbitol, preservatives, water

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13
Q

the larger and narrow portion of the capsule is called ___ while the wider and smaller called ____

A

larger and narrow - body

smaller and wider - cap

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14
Q

****typical moisture content of hard gelatin capsule

what happens if outside the range?

A

10-15%

if lower than 10 = brittle
higher than 15 = sticky

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15
Q

which are the most commercially used and also easier to compound in the facility - soft or hard gelatin capsules

A

hard

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16
Q

what is added to hard gelatin capsules to make them opaque

A

titanium dioxide

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17
Q

what is the purpose of glycerin or sorbitol being in a soft gelatin capsule

A

as a plasticizer - makes the capsule elastic and pliable

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18
Q

which capsules contain preservatives and why

A

SOFT GELATIN - bc they have high moisture content at greater than 20%***888

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19
Q

how are soft gelatin capsules sealed

A

HERMETICALLY - no cap and body like hard

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20
Q

true or false

soft gelatin capsules are difficult to compound

A

true

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21
Q

true or false

soft gelatin capsules can incorporate volatile liquids

A

false

only water miscible or immiscible NON volatile liquids

22
Q

what is the main component of a capsule shell

A

gelatin

23
Q

explain the solubility of gelatin and how this is used to our advantage

A

insoluble in COLD WATER

soluble in HOT water – warm gastric fluid!!! rapidly dissolves in stomach to expose the drug and become available for absorption

24
Q

as mentioned, gelatin is insoluble in cold water

however,

A

softens up by absorbing water – up to 10x its weight – this is how capsules lose their integrity

25
Q

what is a major patient-related issue with capsules

A

has gelatin in it — relgious or dietary reasons – pt may not want

26
Q

what are the types of gelatin and where do they come from
what does each contribute to?

A

Type A - comes from pork skin - contributes to plasticity and clarity

Type B - comes from animal bones - contributes to firmness

they’re both combined to obtain optimal shell characterisitics

27
Q

type a gelatin is prepared by ___ while type b gelatin is prepared by ____

A

type a - acid hydrolysis

type b - alkaline hydrolyssi

28
Q

which is NOT a gelatin alternative**

pullulan
plantcaps
hypromellose
conisnap
vcaps

A

conisnaps

29
Q

name 2 gelatin alternatives and give an example of each*****

A

pullulan (polysaccharide) —- PLANTCAPS

cellulose derivatives - HPMC (hypromellose) — VCAPS

30
Q

name 2 tamper resistant capsule shells

A

coni snap

coni snap supro

31
Q

explain the 3 features of coni snap that make it tamper evident

A

tapered rims to avoid telescoping

indentations/dimples to prevent premature opening

locking grooves that lock the 2 parts after capsule is filled

basically, once it clicks it’s extremely difficult to reopen it

32
Q

what is the difference between coni snap and coni snap supro

A

coni snap supro has all the features of coni snap except it is smaller and has the lower protion of the capsule concealed except for the very end where it is rounded — makes it more difficult to open

more tamper resistant

33
Q

what is the GOAL of the API content in capsules

A

plus/minus 5% of prescribed amount (doesnt NEED to be - but that’s goal)

34
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

the powder incorporated into capsules should be uniform in size and fine state of subdivision

A

true

use particle size reduction methods like trituration to achieve this reduction in particle size as well as uniform mixture

35
Q

when calculating amount of powder to make for capsules what is very important to consider

A

there’s risk for losing powder - CALCULATE FOR 2 EXTRA CAPSULES

36
Q

in compounding capsules, the ___ is always filled and not the ____

A

body is filled and not the cap

37
Q

name 2 techniques to achieve uniform distribution for the powder incorporated into capsules

A

trituration and geometric dilution

38
Q

d.t.d

A

give of such dose

39
Q

give 3 ex of inert diluent used in capsules

A

lactose
sucrose
dextrin

40
Q

lactose is most frequently used as diluent for capsules

what are options for lactose intolerant patients

A

calcium or mg salts
sucrose
dextrin
starch

41
Q

what is the largest capsule size and what is the smallest*****

A

largest is 000

smallest is 5

42
Q

the weight of your capsules will differ depending on….

A

the density of your powder mixture

43
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

the SMALLEST capsule size that is able to hold your powder mixture is preferred

A

TRUE

44
Q

name 3 ways that capsule size can be determined

A
  1. best way is by trial
  2. rule of 6
  3. rule of 7
45
Q

rule of 6 is fairly accurate when the bulk density of the powdered material is about….

A

0.6g/mL

46
Q

explain how to do the rule of 6****

A

6-cap size

that result is the weight in GRAINS

1 grain = 65mg

47
Q

grains to mg conversion***

A

1 grain = 65mg

48
Q

differentiate between the weight variation tests of hard gelatin vs soft gelatin capsules**

A

hard gelatin - 10 capsules weighed individually

soft gelatin - gross weight of 10 capsules determined individually. each capsule cut open and contents are removed with a solvent. this solvent is evaporated at room temp and the empty dried shells are weighed

net content weight calculated from difference of gross weight - capsule shell

49
Q

in content uniformity testing for capsules, ____ out of ____ should have drug strength in what range

A

9/10

85%-115%

50
Q

what is moisture permeation test

A

done on capsules

dessicant pellet will change color in the presence of moisture

also, pre and post test weights are measured to determine how much water absorbed — weight changes

51
Q

differentiate between disintegration test and dissolution test

A

disintegration - how long capsule content disintegrates completely into a soft mass with no firm core.

dissolution - rate at which the drug is being released

52
Q
A

Compounding Exam 1 (9 decks)

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