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Compounding Exam 1 > lecture 5 - powders and granules > Flashcards

lecture 5 - powders and granules Flashcards

1
Q

true or false

powders may be for internal OR external use

A

true

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2
Q

oral powders are for __ use

A

internal

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3
Q

what is the BUD of powder dosage forms and why

A

180 days - DO NOT CONTAIN WATER

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4
Q

Define powders and then define powder dosage form

A

powder - mixture of dry, finely, divided solids/chemicals intended for internal or external use

powder DOSAGE FORM - drug is mixed with other powdered EXCIPIENTS to produce the final product

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5
Q

explain how a powder can be used internally

A

mixing with water and drink

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6
Q

name 2 local effects of powders and 1 systemic effect

A

as antacid or as laxatives

systemic - analgesic

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7
Q

powders can be _____ for local and/or systemic effects

A

inhaled

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8
Q

a vaginal douche is considered a _______ application of powder

A

external

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9
Q

**true or false

powders disperse and dissolve slower than tablets and capsules, which is a disadvantage

A

FALSE - faster, which is an advantage

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10
Q

** which are more stable - powders or suspensions

A

powders – advantage

powders more stable than all liquid dosage forms – solutions/suspensions/emulsions

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11
Q

true or false**

a disadvantage of powders is that they are not suitable for substances that absorb moisture from the air (hygroscopic)

A

TRUE

they will dampen and become like a paste

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12
Q

true or false****

powders are suitable for substances unstable in GI fluids, or substances that cause damage to the stomach

A

FALSE – not suitable for this. this is a disadvantage

all of the powder will be exposed - no coating like in a tablet

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13
Q

**true or false

an advantage of powders is that they can be developed into many different dosage forms

A

TRUE

they are like an intermediate dosage form.

they can be turned into tablets or capsules, or just be given to the patient and they add it to water to turn into a solution

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14
Q

TRUE OR FASLE**

a disadvantage of powders is that they cannot be applied into body cavities

A

FALSE - they can

ie - rectal, intranasal

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15
Q

true or false**
an advantage of powders is that they can be used in special populations like pediatrics and geriatrics

A

TRUE

if they can’t swallow pills

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16
Q

** which are more stable - solid or liquid

A

SOLID

that’s why powder more stable than solution/suspension/emulsion

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17
Q

TRUE OR FALSE*

powders do not have a rapid onset of action

A

false - they do
this is an advantage

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18
Q

TRUE OR FALSE*

an advantage of powders is that they can mask the bad taste or odor of a drug

A

FALSE - they can’t

no coating or anything

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19
Q
  • a disadvantage of powders is that ____ are less convenient to carry than _____
A

bulk powders are less convenient to carry that unidose things like capsules and tablets

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20
Q

can the dose of powders be easily varied and customized**

A

yes

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21
Q

______ do not provide a very accurate dosage form which is a disadvantage

A

divided powders

less accurate than capsules and tabs

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22
Q

how is it possible that powders disperse and dissolve faster than tablets and capsules

A

tablets/capsules 1st need to DISINTEGRATE, and then dissolve to be available for absorption

however, powders just have to dissolve and not disintegrate

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23
Q

powders are formulated as ___ ___

A

fine particles

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24
Q

***** which have better compressibility into tablets - granules or powders and why

A

GRANULES – already have binders

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25
Q

*** which have better flow - granules or powders - and why

A

GRANULES

granules have smaller surface area

because powders have such a high surface area, there is more interaction between the powder and work surface – more sticks

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26
Q

what is a particle size consideration for topical powders

A

non-gritty - want it to be smooth on the skin

27
Q

what is a particle size consideration for internal powders

A

want smaller particle size bc better dissolution

28
Q

true or false

we want powders to NOT BE CONSISTENTLY ONE SHAPE/SIZE

A

true

want a distribution of size and shape, but a NARROW distribution

29
Q

dp powders or granules have faster dissolution

A

powders

30
Q

**the sieve # on a sieve indicates what

explain

A

the number of openings per inch

therefore, a very high sieve number means the holes are SMALLER than a very low sieze number

31
Q

name the 5 USP qualitative grouping according to particle size

A

very coarse
coarse
moderately coarse
fine
very fine

32
Q

***true or false

a #40 sieve has smaller openings than a #60 sieve

A

FALSE - larger opening

33
Q
  • which has smaller size particles:

“all particles pass through a #40 sieve and not more than 40% pass through a #80 sieve”

“all particles pass through a #20 sieve and not more than 40% pass through a #60 sieve”

A

scenario 1 has smaller particle size

34
Q

name 3 reasons particle size of powders is important

A

easier to mix - similar particle sizes

dispersability - smaller is easier

pharmaceutical elegance

35
Q

true or false

powders with SIMILAR particle size tend to mix more homogeneously than powders with varying diameters

A

true

bc different sizes will segregate during transportation

36
Q

**** which is more stable and which has better water solubility

crystal powders or amorphous powders

A

crystalline is more stable

amorphous has better water solubility

37
Q

metastable vs stable forms:

which has higher solubility and higher dissolution rates?

A

metastable

38
Q

which has better flow - round or square shape or needle shape

A

round

39
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

very fine particles flow freely

A

FALSE - too much surface area - easier to stick

40
Q

particle flow is a major issue with……..

A

LARGE SCALE manufacturing

41
Q

uneven flow can result in what and why is this a concern?

A

may trap air pockets between the powder particles

this will affect the volume of capsules and particle packing will not be uniform - tablet weight uniformity compromised

42
Q

angle of repose is related to the _____ of a powder

A

FLOW

43
Q

*******which has better flow

powder A with angle of repose 44

powder B with angle of respose 45

A

powder A

low angle of repose = good flowability

44
Q

the angle of repose is the angle between what 2 things

A

the mountain of powder and the work surface

45
Q

true or false

if a powder is cohesive, the angle of repose will be high

A

TRUE

46
Q

true or false

a high angle of repose means bad flow

A

true

47
Q

what is trituration

A

grinding substances in mortar and pestle to mix them intimately – type of particle size reduction. most typical

48
Q

name 2 purposes of trituration

A

blend the powders
reduce the particle size of the powders

49
Q

name the 3 different types of mortar and pestle

A

wedgewood
porcelain
glass

50
Q

what drugs can NOT be used in a wedgewood mortar and why

A

potent drugs or colored drugs**

this is bc wedgewood has a lot of pores - will stain or lose some dru

51
Q

when IS a wedgewood mortar suitable?**

A

for reducing the particle size of a HARD CRYSTALLINE SOLID — has a very rough surface

52
Q

which type of mortar and pestle requires a lot of care when washing and why

A

wedgewood bc drug particles may be trapped in porous surface

53
Q

which is more porous - wedgewood or porcelain mortar and pestle

A

wedgewood

porcealin is glazed and thus less poroud

54
Q

does porcelain have a rough surface?

A

yes!! - similar to wedgewood, just less porous*

55
Q

*** which mortar and pestle should be used for a potent drug and has a coloring agent

A

GLASS

has a smooth and non-porous surface

56
Q

TRUE OR FALSE

glass mortar and pestle is NOT efficent in grinding a hard crystalline solid

A

TRUE

surface is too smooth

57
Q

wet preparaitons like suspensions/solutions/ointents should be triturated in which mortar and pestle

A

glass

58
Q

**true or false

spatulation is NOT an efficient method of particle size reduction

A

TRUE

59
Q

*** for which substances should metal spatulas not be used and why

A

substances that react with metal – PHENOL, IODINE, AND ACIDIC DRUGS (ASA, salicylic acid)

can damage the spatula and cause decomposition of the substance itself

60
Q

for drugs that react with metal, what spatula should be used instead?

A

hard-rubber spatulas or teflon-coated stainless steel

61
Q

as mentioned, spatulation is not an efficient method of reducing particle size

this is ESPECIALLY true when…..

A

the powder consists of hard particles

62
Q

what is spatula suitable for?

large or small quantities?

A

blending of powders of SMALL QUANTITIES when the mortar and pestle technique is not desired

not suitable for large quantities, OR for very potent drugs because it may not be homogeneously blended

63
Q

true or false

trituration is an effective method to both blend and to reduce particle size

A

true

64
Q
A

Compounding Exam 1 (9 decks)

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