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VBSC 402W > Lecture 6: Amebas > Flashcards

Lecture 6: Amebas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the current status of ameba taxonomy?

A

Unsettled

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2
Q

What are some important families of amebas?

A

Family Entamobidae – E. histolytica
Family Vahlkampfiidae
Genus Naegleria – N. fowleri
Family Acanthamoebidae

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3
Q

Family Entamoeba

A

Parasites or commensals of the digestive organs

of vertebrates and arthropods

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4
Q

What are the 3 genra of ameba organisms important to humans and animals?

A
  1. Genus Entamoeba – pathogenic, commensals
  2. Genus Endolimax - commensals
  3. Genus Iodamoeba - commensals
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5
Q

Entamoeba coli

A

An intestinal commensal similar to E. histolytica

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6
Q

Entamoeba gingivalis

A

A commensal found in the mouth, does not have have a cyst form

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7
Q

Entamoeba poleki

A

E spp found in pigs and monkeys

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8
Q

Is E. Histolytica reportable?

A

Yes

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9
Q

Where can E Histolytica be found in the world?

A

All over the world, but most commonly in the tropics

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10
Q

E. dispar

A

A non-invasive strand of E histolytica, but immunologically different

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11
Q

E. hartmanni

A

Identical to E histolytica but smaller in size and nonpathogenic in nature

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12
Q

E. Moshkovskii

A

Identical in morphology to E. histolytica, but not a symbiont

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13
Q

E. Coli

A

Morphologically similar to E. histolytica

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14
Q

What are E histolytica’s life cycle stages?

A

Trophozoite
Precyst
Cyst
Metacyclic trophozoite

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15
Q

What kind of life cycle does E histolytica have?

A

Direct

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16
Q

Amebic Dysentery?

A

Intestinal disease caused by E. histolytica that can be acute, chronic, or cause an ameboma

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17
Q

What can amebic dysentery result in?

A

Hepatic amebiasis
Pulmonary amebiasis
Cardiac lesions

18
Q

How can we diagnose amebic dysentery? (diagnostic stage)

A

An exam of fresh fecal material for trophozoites or cysts.

Identification of trophozoites in infected organs

19
Q

What is used to treat amebic dysentery?

A

Metronidazole

20
Q

How can we prevent amebic dysentery?

A 
Stopping fecal - oral transmission
Water filtration/boiling
Proper sewage disposal 
Wash/peel vegetables & fruits
Treat infected dogs
21
Q

Family Vahlkampfiidae characteristics

A
  1. Aerobic inhabitants of soil, water, sewage
  2. Mainly bacteriophagous - consume bacteria as diet
  3. Few species can be facultative parasites in vertebrates
  4. Diphasic amebas
22
Q

Diphasic amebas

A

Amebas that possess both a flagellated stage and an ameboid form – ameboid stage predominates

Binary fissions only takes place in ameboid form

23
Q

Naegleri Fowleri

A

Organism that is the major cause of a disease called Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

24
Q

What are the life cycle stages of Naegleri Fowleri?

A

Cyst
Flagellate
Trophozoite

25
Q

What kind of life cycle does Naegleri Fowleri have?

A

Direct

26
Q

Primary Amebic

Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

A

An acute and rapidly fatal disease

27
Q

What is PAM’s prepatent period?

A

2-5 days

Dead in 5 - 7 days

28
Q

Who is most affected by PAM?

A

Young healthy children or youths

29
Q

What form is PAM’s infective agent in?

A

Believed to be in the flagellated form, though ameba free-living form may be found in CSF

30
Q

How does Naegleri Fowleri cause disease?

A

It enters via the nasal passages, migrates along olfactory nerves into the cranium.

31
Q

Where does Naegleri Fowleri replicate?

A

It proliferates rapidly in warm temperatures (thermal pools)

32
Q

How is PAM diagnosed?

A

At autopsy by identifying the organism in the CSF

33
Q

Acanthamoeba spp.

A

Facultative parasites of humans similar to Naegleria

34
Q

How many Acanthamoeba spp have been identified in human tissues?

A

Four

35
Q

What form do the Acanthamoeba spp take?

A

Free living, non-flagellated form

36
Q

What do the Acanthamoeba spp cause?

A

A chronic infection of the skin or the CNS, or corneal ulcers and keratitis in immunocompromised individuals

37
Q

What is the source of Acanthamoeba spp infections?

A

Public swimming pools

38
Q

Where was Balamuthia mandrillaris first isolated?

A

rom the brain of a baboon which died from meningoencephalitis. It has been associated with primary amoebic meningoencephalitis

39
Q

How are Balamuthia mandrillaris infections acquired?

A

By respiratory tract or skin lesions

40
Q

What can occur in CNS tissues due to Balamuthia mandrillaris?

A

Trophozoites and cysts

41
Q

What is another name for Balamuthia mandrillaris and why?

A

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis. The name comes from the organisms ability to induce a chronic granulomatous inflammatory response.

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