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VBSC 402W > Lecture 1. Introduction to Parasitology > Flashcards

Lecture 1. Introduction to Parasitology Flashcards

1
Q

Parasitology

A

A branch of zoology and of medicine that

studies parasitism and all its relations

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2
Q

Description/Taxonomic

A

Classification of known parasites

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3
Q

Systematics

A

Use of DNA, proteins and molecular

techniques to establish phylogenies

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4
Q

Epidemiologic

A

Study of life cycle, vectors and
environmental conditions that influence
disease

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5
Q

Phoresis

A

Symbiosis in which one organism is transported by another with no damage to the transporting host, there is no physiological or biochemical dependence between symbionts. (Eggs on fly)

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6
Q

Mutualism

A

Symbiosis in which both symbionts benefit (Clown fish and sea anemone)

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7
Q

Commensalism

A

Symbiosis in which one symbiont benefits and there is no discernable damage to the host (Fish on whale shark)

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8
Q

Parasitism

A

Symbiosis in which an organism (parasite) lives on or in another (host) and draws its nourishment there from.

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9
Q

Multiple parasitism

A

Host is infected with multiple parasite type species

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10
Q

Superparasitism

A

Host harbors excessive parasite numbers

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11
Q

Hyperparasitism

A

Host infected with 2 parasites at once; a parasite within a parasite

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12
Q

Parasitic Life Cycle

A

Interaction between parasite, host and the environment allowing development and reproduction of the parasite

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13
Q

Direct Life Cycle

A

Parasite life cycle with a single host species and transmission from one host to another (1 host only)

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14
Q

Indirect Life Cycle

A

Parasite life cycle which requires more than one host, most often of different species

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15
Q

Definitive Host

A

Host in which the parasite reproduces sexually

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16
Q

Intermediate Host

A

Host in which the parasite is sexually immature or reproduces asexually, and is required to complete the life cycle.

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17
Q

Paratenic or Transport Host

A

Host in which there is no development and is not required to complete the life cycle.

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18
Q

Reservoir Host

A

Host in which an infection is unapparent by may act as a source of infection to hosts important to humans

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19
Q

Aberrant (Dead-End) Host

A

Host that is not suitable to the parasite’s life cycle, potential for serious disease.

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20
Q

Vector

A

An arthropod, mollusk, or other invertebrate that transmits a parasitic agent to a vertebrate host that can act as either a definitive or intermediate host.

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21
Q

Mechanical Vector

A

Transport only, no development takes place.

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22
Q

Biological Vector

A

Development or replication takes place within/on vector

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23
Q

Ecology

A

Study of relationships between organisms and their environments

24
Q

Ecology and Habitats

A

Focuses on parasite adaption to microhabitats within a host

25
Q

Infection Sites Examples

A

Coelozoic: Parasites inhabiting the lumens
Histozoic: Parasites inhabiting tissues

26
Q

Nidus

A

Natural focus on disease

27
Q

Zoonosis

A

Animal disease transmissible to humans

28
Q

Modeling

A

Development of mathematical models based on epidemiological information for prediction of disease or parasite population dynamics

29
Q

Intrapopulation

A

Modeling that focuses on parasites on a single host

30
Q

Metapopulation

A

Modeling that focuses on parasites within a single host species in an ecosystem

31
Q

Suprapopulations

A

Modeling that focuses on parasites of a single species in all hosts in an ecosystem

32
Q

Prepatent period

A

Time from infection until agent can be found by usual diagnostic techniques

33
Q

Incubation period

A

Time from infection until clinical signs or symptoms are apparent

34
Q

Sign

A

Objective evidence of disease; fever, diarrhea, skin rash

35
Q

Symptom

A

Subjective indicator of disease; pain, dizziness, nausea

36
Q

Epizootic/epidemic

A

Explosive disease running through a population in a short period of time

37
Q

Enzootic/endemic

A

Disease running a slow but extended course in a population

38
Q

Disease prevalence

A

Proportion of a population infected with a disease at a particular point in time

39
Q

Disease incidence

A

Proportion of a population becoming infected during a given period of time

40
Q

Zoonotic potential

A

A disease that humans acquire from vertebrate animals

41
Q

Parasite

A

An organism that lives on or in another and draws its nourishment therefrom

42
Q

Symbiosis

A

Intimate association of organisms of different species; no benefit or harm implied

43
Q

Parasitosis

A

Disease state caused by parasite infestation

44
Q

Parasite-iasis

A

Suffix used to describe infection with a specific parasite (e.g., trypansomiasis)

45
Q

Parasitemia

A

Presence of parasites in the host’s blood

46
Q

Parasiticide

A

Agent that destroys parasites, species specific

47
Q

Parasiticide examples:

A

(1) Protozoicide
(2) Flukicide
(3) Anthelmintic
(4) Insecticide

48
Q

Ectoparasite

A

Lives on the surface of the host

49
Q

Endoparasite

A

Lives inside the host

50
Q

Obligate parasite

A

Requires a host for completion of the life cycle

51
Q

Facultative parasite

A

Can live either a parasitic or free living life cycle depending on the circumstances

52
Q

Accidental or incidental parasite

A

When a parasite enters or attaches to the body of a species of host different from its normal one

53
Q

Permanent parasite

A

Adult lives entire life within or on one host

54
Q

Temporary or intermittent parasite

A

Only feed on host then leaves (mosquito, ticks)

55
Q

Polyphilic parasite

A

Parasite affects many different species

56
Q

Oligophilic parasite

A

Parasite affects only a few species

VBSC 402W (7 decks)

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