Lecture 6

Question 1

catabolism

Answer 1

breaking down of “food” for energy and building blocks

Question 2

anabolism

Answer 2

building of cell components from building blocks and energy

Question 3

What do you need to consider if you want to grow a culture of microbes?

Answer 3

• nutrients
• temp.
• atmosphere
• pH
• others..?

Question 4

energy classes

Answer 4

• chemorganotrophs
• chemolithotrophs
• phototrophs
• heterotrophs
• autotrophs

Question 5

Describe source of “building blocks” for heterotrophs and autotrophs

Answer 5

• uses organic matter as food

- uses inorganic matter

Question 6

free energy of formation

Answer 6

the energy released or required during formation of a given molecule from the elements

Question 7

How do cells conserve energy?

Answer 7

by coupling energy released from catabolic rxns

Question 8

Redox reactions usually involve…

Answer 8

reactions between intermediates

Question 9

Electron carriers are divided into which two classes?

Answer 9

• prosthetic groups (attached to enzymes)

- coenzymes

Question 10

NAD+ and NADH facilitate redox reactions without…

Answer 10

being consumed; they are recycled

Question 11

Which two reaction series are linked to energy conservation in chemoorganotrophs?

Answer 11

fermentation and respiration

Question 12

fermentation

Answer 12

substrate-level phosphorylation; ATP is directly synthesized from an energy-rich intermediate

Question 13

respiration

Answer 13

oxidative phosphorylation; ATP is produced from proton motive force formed by transport of electrons

Question 14

Fermented substance is both an ______________ and an ______________.

Answer 14

electron donor, electron acceptor

Question 15

Embden-Meyerhof pathway

Answer 15

glycolysis; a three stage, anaerobic and common pathway for catabolism of glucose

Question 16

Fermentation net yield of ATP

Answer 16

2 for each glucose fermented to lactate

Question 17

During fermentation, reducing power is generated during…

Answer 17

creation of 1,3-BPG and is consumed to create lactate from pyruvate

Question 18

During respiration, reducing power is transferred to…

Answer 18

a “terminal electron acceptor”

Question 19

electron transport

Answer 19

movement of reducing power

Question 20

aerobic respiration

Answer 20

oxidation using O2 as the terminal electron acceptor

Question 21

NADH dehydrogenase

Answer 21

proteins bound to inside surface of cytoplasmic membrane that bind NADH and accepts 2 e- and 2 protons that are passed to flavoproteins

Question 22

flavoproteins

Answer 22

contains flavin prosthetic group that accepts 2 e- and 2 protons, but donates only e- to next protein in chain

Question 23

cytochromes

Answer 23

proteins that contain heme prosthetic groups and accept and donate a single e- via the iron atom in heme

Question 24

iron-sulfur proteins

Answer 24

-contains clusters of iron and sulphur that carry e-; reduction potential cary depending on # and position of FE and S atoms

Question 25

Quinones

Answer 25

• hydrophobic non-protein-containing molecules that participate in electron transport
• accept e- and protons, but pass along e- only