Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BMSC 210 > Lecture 5 > Flashcards

Lecture 5 Flashcards

1
Q

glycol tetrapeptide

A

structure of repeating unit in peptidoglycan found in coli and most gram neg. bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

glycol tetrapeptide repeating units

A

N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

glycosidic bonds

A

X direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

peptide bonds

A

Y direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Gram pos. cells walls can contain up to ___%peptidoglycan

A

90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Gram pos. cell walls are common to have ____________ embedded in their walls.

A

teichoic acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

lipoteichoic acids

A

teichoic acids covalently bound to membrane lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Examples of prokaryotes that lack cell walls?

A
  • mycoplasmas

- thermoplasmas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

mycoplasmas

A

group of pathogenic bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

thermoplasma

A

species of archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Gram geg. bacteria walls contain ___% peptidoglycan.

A

10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most of the cell wall of gram neg. bacteria walls are composed of…

A

lipopolysaccharide (LPS) layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

LPS consists of…

A

core polysaccharide and O-polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

LPS replaces most phospholipids in the….

A

outer half of outer membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

endotoxin

A

the toxic components of LPS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lipid A

A

releases endotoxin when gram neg. cells are lysed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

periplasm

A

gel like consistency space located between cytoplasmic and outer membranes that houses many proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How wide is the periplasm

A

~15nm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

porins

A

channels for movement of hydrophilic low-molecular-weight substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Archaea has no…

A

peptidoglycan and outer membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pseudomurein

A
  • polysaccharide similar to peptidoglycan composed of N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylalosaminuronic acid
  • found in cell walls of certain methanogenic archaea
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

T/F all archaea cell walls contain pseudomurein

A

some cell walls lack pseudomurein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

S layers

A
  • present outside other layers of the cell wall
  • not in all species
  • made of protein
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Archaea and the S layer

A

In some archaea, the S layer is the only cell wall

25
Q

Capsules and slime layers are made of…

A

carbohydrate polymers

26
Q

Capsules and slime layers….

A
  • assist in attachment to surfaces
  • protect against phagocytosis
  • resist desiccation
27
Q

fimbriae

A

-filamentous protein structures that enable organisms to stick to surfaces or form pellicles

28
Q

pili

A

filamentous protein structures typically longer than fimbriae

29
Q

What do pili do

A
  • assist in surface attachment
  • facilitate genetic exchange between cells
  • motility
30
Q

Which pili is involved in twitching motility

A

type IV

31
Q

conjugation

A

facilitate genetic exchange between cells

32
Q

polyphosphates

A

accumulations of inorganic phosphate

33
Q

sulfur globules

A

composed of elemental sulphur

34
Q

carbonate minerals

A

composed of barium, strontium, and magnesium

35
Q

magnetosomes

A

can orient themselves specifically within a magnetic field

36
Q

gas vesicles

A

spinal-shaped, gas filled structures made of protein that confer buoyancy in planktonic cells by decreasing cell density
-impermeable to water

37
Q

gas vesicles are composed of which two proteins?

A

GvpA and GvpC

38
Q

endospores

A

dormant, highly differentiated cells resistant to heat, harsh chemicals and radiation

39
Q

Ideal dispersal of endospores

A

via wind, water, or animal gut

40
Q

Endospores are present only in..

A

some gram pos. bacteria

41
Q

types of endospores

A

terminal, subterminal, and central

42
Q

endospore structure

A
  • contains dipicolinic acid
  • enriched in Ca2+
  • core contains small acid-soluble spore proteins (SASP)
43
Q

Spore formation is…

A

highly regulated

44
Q

flagella

A

assists in swimming moving by rotation

-helical in shape

45
Q

different flagellar arrangements

A

peritrichous, polar, lophotrichous

46
Q

flagella composed of..

A

flagellin

47
Q

flagellar structure of archaea

A
  • half the diameter of bacterial flagella
  • composed of several different proteins
  • move by rotation
48
Q

flagellar synthesis in bacteria

A
  • several genes required
  • MS ring made first
  • then proteins and hook
  • filament grows from tip
49
Q

Flagella increase or decrease rotational speed in relation to strength of the….

A

proton motive force

50
Q

Differences in swimming motions

A
  • peritrichous: move slow in straight line

- polarly flagellated: move more rapidly and typically spin

51
Q

gliding motility

A
  • flagella-independent motility
  • slower and smoother than swimming
  • movement along long axis of cell
  • requires surface contact
52
Q

mechanisms of gliding motility

A
  • excretion of polysaccharide slime
  • type IV pili
  • gliding-specific proteins
53
Q

taxis

A

directed movement in response to chemical or physical gradients

54
Q

chemotaxis

A

response to chemicals

55
Q

phototaxis

A

response to light

56
Q

aerotaxis

A

response to oxygen

57
Q

osmotaxis

A

response to ionic strength

58
Q

hydrotaxis

A

response to water

59
Q

chemotaxis attractants and receptors sensed by..

A

chemoreceptors

BMSC 210 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions