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Modern Japan Terms > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Taisho Emperor

A

Yoshihito 1912-26

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2
Q

Showa Emperor

A

Hirohito “shining peace” 1926-89

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3
Q

Shandong Peninsula and Pacific Islands

A

Territory that China had leased to Germany, which Japan had conquered during the First World War. China argued it should revert back to China at the negotiations of the Versailles Treaty. - it didn’t

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4
Q

Twenty-One Demands

A

Various demands imposed on China by Japan. Highlights include Chinese recognition of Japan’s ownership of territory previously held by China. The requirement of Japanese”advisers” for various departments of China: political, financial, military, and police.

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5
Q

Versailles Treaty

A

League of Nations. Japan joins the League, and is also the first to leave it. Aren’t viewed as equals to the West due to racist attitudes.

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6
Q

Washington Conference

A

1921-22. Japan has to give back Shandong Province, but is allowed to keep some economic ties. Establishes the naval size limitation at 5:5:3:1.75:1.75 for US, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy.

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7
Q

General Tanaka Giichi

A

Prime Minister Seiyukai Party 1927

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8
Q

Yellow Peril

A

A racist idea that claims East Asians are a threat to Western Civilization, whether from Japan’s Imperialist expansion or immigrants that will subvert a country’s way of life.

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9
Q

Kanto Earthquake

A
  1. 7.9 Richter Scale, Tokyo nearly destroyed as it hit around lunch time when fires were burning. 100k-200k killed.
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10
Q

Panic of 1927

A

Caused in part by the post-war economic bust and the Kanto Earthquake. Scared customers withdrawal all their cash from banks as they’re afraid they will go bankrupt, which actually causes them to go bankrupt.

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11
Q

Social Democratic Party

A

Formed 1901, banned immediately

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12
Q

Heiman Shimbun

A

Commoner News, socialists newspaper, started 1903

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13
Q

Kokumin

A

People of the country

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14
Q

Japan Communist Party

A

Founded 1922

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15
Q

Saionji Kimmochi and Matsukato Masayoshi

A

Saionji was the last of the genro

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16
Q

Taisho Democracy

A

Imperial Democracy 1905-32. Push to enfranchise more voters by lowering tax requirements. Lifted ban on female attendance at political meetings. 25+ universal male suffrage 1925. No unions or right to strike. 1925 Peace Preservation Law - Jailed for criticizing Emperor, Capitalism, challenging system.

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17
Q

Government by assassination

A

33% assassination rates of PM during this period. By far right and left.

18
Q

Gold Standard

A

Japan was moving back to the gold standard just as the Great Depression hit. They couldn’t artificially devalue their currency to attract business.

19
Q

Great Depression

A
  1. Exports drop, Agriculture goods drop by 41%, farmers can’t pay taxes, workers wages pushed lower.
20
Q

Aikokusha

A

Ultrapatriotic Assoiciation

21
Q

Coup d’état

A

A rapid and illegal seizure of the state - an overthrow of the state.

22
Q

Showa Restoration

A

The plan to restore power to the new Emperor, Hirohito in this case, and do away with Taisho Democracy.

23
Q

General Ugaki Kazushigi

A

placeholder

24
Q

Kwantung Army

A

Japanese force in Manchuria

25
Q

Colonel Ishiwara Kanji

A

Wanted Japan to take control of Manchuria, he thought they needed its resources in a future war with the U.S.

26
Q

Chiang Kai-shek

A

Political and Military leader in China. Leader of the KMT or Chinese Nationalist Party

27
Q

South Manchurian Railway

A

Rail track was blown up at Mukden in a false flag operation on the part of the Kwantung Army - and excuse to attack China.

28
Q

Manchukuo

A

A puppet state of Manchuria set up by Japan to seem legitimate

29
Q

Pu Yi

A

The last Chinese Emperor, a Manchu himself, was set up as the puppet head of state of Manchukuo.

30
Q

Qing Dynasty

A

Ended with the Revolution of 1911 in China. Had ruled China since 1644. Succeeded the Ming Dynasty.

31
Q

May 15 Incident

A
  1. An attempted coup d’etat by young Japanese Naval Officers. They assassinated the Prime Minister, attacked the banks, factories, and Home Minister in an attempt to start the Showa Restoration. They received light sentences.
32
Q

Jehol

A

Annexed by the Empire of Manchukuo in 1933, a province in Northern China

33
Q

Kodoha

A

Imperial Way School. Focused on war with the USSR

34
Q

Toseiha

A

Control School. Wanted to exploit China, saw U.S. as biggest threat

35
Q

February 26 Incident

A
  1. Attempted Coup by the Army. Soldiers occupy Diet, Police HQ, PM Residence. Killed PM’s brother in law - thought it was PM. Killed Finance Minister. Lasted 4 days. Emperor steps in and demands surrender- they did. 15 ringleaders executed.
36
Q

Anti-Comintern Pact 1936

A

Japan, Germany, and Italy. Countries agree to make no treaty with USSR and to consult each other if USSR attacks one of them.

37
Q

Marco Polo Bridge Incident

A

July 7, 1937. Incident that sparked full-scale war between Japan and China. The Japanese command wanted to permission to search for a missing soldier, who was soon accounted for, but the incident escalated by renegade Japanese officers disobeyed orders to cease their attack.

38
Q

Nanjing Massacre

A

Massacre of the civilian population at Nanjing that lasted seven weeks, killing perhaps 300k and raping 20k.

39
Q

Chongqing

A

The provisional capital of China after the fall of Nanjing

40
Q

American Gunboat Panay

A

Attacked by Japan unprovoked. Japan claimed it didn’t notice the American flags. Contributed to souring US-Japan relations further.

41
Q

Nomonhan Conflict USSR

A
  1. Battles between the USSR and Japan in Mongolia while the two empires were still officially at peace. Japan lost.

Modern Japan Terms (10 decks)

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