Lecture 3

Question 1

Sakoku

Answer 1

Closed Country. Seclusion policy of Tokugawa bakufu.

Question 2

Tanegashima

Answer 2

Where the first Portuguese traders arrived in 1543. Also a name given to muskets.

Question 3

Arquebus

Answer 3

Musket

Question 4

Francis Xavier

Answer 4

First Jesuit Missionary. Arrived 1549.

Question 5

Buddhism, Shinto, Confucianism

Answer 5

Three main religions/philosophies in Japan

Question 6

Dejima

Answer 6

Island at Nagasaki to which Dutch traders were confined

Question 7

Ryukyu Islands

Answer 7

Now Okinawa, was annexed by Japan in 1879.

Question 8

Tenmei famine

Answer 8

1780s nearly one million people died from starvation and disease. Volcanic ash made for cool weather and less sun

Question 9

Tenpo famine

Answer 9

1830s cold and wet

Question 10

Sakhalin

Answer 10

Often disputed island between Japan, Russia, and China. Home to indigenous people. Russian controlled since WWII

Question 11

Kurile Islands

Answer 11

Chain of 56 islands disputed between Japan and Russia

Question 12

xenophobia

Answer 12

Fear or dislike of foreigners

Question 13

Dutch learning

Answer 13

Learning about the West through their contact with the Dutch. Dutch books translated into Japanese

Question 14

Commodore Matthew Perry

Answer 14

With four U.S. Navy ships in 1853, presented letter from President Millard Fillmore.

Question 15

Abe Masahiro

Answer 15

Was in charge of the Matthew Perry crisis. Responsible for treaties signed with the U.S.

Question 16

Kanegawa Treaty

Answer 16

U.S. and Japan March 31, 1854. Opened up two ports to U.S. and established a U.S. consul in Japan

Question 17

Townsend Harris

Answer 17

American Consul in Japan

Question 18

Unequal treaties

Answer 18

Favoured nations are subject to their own country’s laws within Japan. Fixed low tariff on imports into Japan, damaging their own industry.

Question 19

Emperor Kōmei

Answer 19

His advice was sought on the unequal treaties, the first time this happened since the beginning of the Tokugawa Era.

Question 20

Shogun Iesada

Answer 20

Was very sickly and held title for five years before death. Political non-entity. During opening up of Japan to America

Question 21

sōnno jōi

Answer 21

honour the emperor and expel the foreigner. Political slogan during the late Tokugawa years to overthrow the Bakufu.

Question 22

Ii Naosuke

Answer 22

Shogun regeant for two years 1858-60, signed Harris Treaty

Question 23

Shogun Iemochi

Answer 23

1858-1866. Japan and the bakufu severely weakened by foreigners during this time. Died of beriberi at age 20

Question 24

shishi

Answer 24

Men of spirit

Question 25

Satsuma domain, Chōshū domain

Answer 25

An alliance between Daimyo to overthrow the shogunate and restore the emperor.

Question 26

Kagoshima

Answer 26

In the Satsuma domain, was a port city bombarded by the Royal Navy in 1863 to avenge the murder of Charles Lennox Richardson.

Question 27

Shimonoseki

Answer 27

Part of the Chōshū domain, it was bombarded by Western forces for its attempts at expelling the “barbarians.”

Question 28

Shinsengumi

Answer 28

A special police force meant to counter the attacks on the Shogunate between 1864 and 1869.

Question 29

Rōnin

Answer 29

Masterless samurai

Question 30

Shogun Yoshinobu

Answer 30

The last Shogun, resigned in 1867 after his reforms were unsuccessful.

Question 31

“Miya-san Miya-san”

Answer 31

A marching song, “Your Highness, your Highness,” that glorifies the idea of restoring the emperor and expelling the barbarians.

Question 32

Meiji Emperor

Answer 32

Reigned from 1868 to 1912 as a constitutional monarch

Question 33

Republic of Ezo

Answer 33

A short-lived state established in Hokkaido by the defeated Tokugawa armies in the Boshin War.

Question 34

Boshin War

Answer 34

A civil war that pitted those trying to preserve the Shogunate and those trying to restore the emperor.