Lecture 6 Flashcards
What is “Nurture vs. Nature”? Please explain
This debate examines whether genetics (nature) or environment (nurture) has a greater influence on behavior, including criminality. Most research suggests both interact, meaning genes may predispose someone to crime, but environment shapes how they act.
What are genetic predispositions for criminal behaviour? Use an example of “warier gene”
Some genes, like MAOA-L (“warrior gene”), are linked to aggressive behavior. People with this gene variant may have higher aggression, especially if they experience childhood abuse or trauma.
How do we use twin studies of criminal behaviour? Why do we study MZ twins and DZ twins?
Twin studies compare monozygotic (MZ) twins, who share 100% of their genes, and dizygotic (DZ) twins, who share 50%. If MZ twins show more similar criminal behavior than DZ twins, it suggests a genetic influence on crime.
Is violence heritable or pure social phenomenon?
Violence has genetic influences but is also shaped by environment. Studies show genes can increase aggression, but social factors like poverty, abuse, and peer influence play a major role.
How genetic predisposition for violence is related to brain chemistry and functionality of neurotransmitters (e.g., dopamine, serotonin, norepinephrine)?
brain chemistry & neurotransmitters: Genes affect neurotransmitters like dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, which regulate aggression and impulse control. Low serotonin and high dopamine levels are linked to violent behavior.
What is serotonin? How it is related to criminal behaviour?
Serotonin helps regulate mood and impulse control. Low serotonin levels are linked to increased aggression, violent crime, and antisocial behavior.
What is dopamine? How it is related to criminal behaviour?
Dopamine controls reward and pleasure. High dopamine levels can lead to impulsivity and risk-taking, increasing the likelihood of criminal behavior.
What is monoamine oxidase (A and B)? How is connected MAOA-L with conduct disorder?
Monoamine oxidase (MAO-A & MAO-B) & conduct disorder: MAO-A and MAO-B are enzymes that break down neurotransmitters. The MAOA-L (“warrior gene”) variant is linked to conduct disorder, aggression, and impulsivity, especially in people exposed to early life trauma.
