Lecture 6 Flashcards
What are biopharmaceuticals?
Biopharmaceuticals are large molecules derived from living organisms, such as cells, proteins, and nucleic acids. They have a high production cost, complex manufacturing i.e. Stem cells and MAB
What is recombinant DNA technology in biopharmaceuticals?
Recombinant DNA technology involves joining DNA molecules from different organisms and inserting them into a host to produce new genetic combinations. I.e. cloning
What is upstream processing in biopharmaceutical production?
Upstream processing optimizes the growth of the production cell line in industrial volumes. It includes cell cultivation, banking and storage,
What is microbial fermentation used for in biopharmaceutical production?
Microbial fermentation uses bacterial or fungal cultures like E. coli for producing small molecules like peptides and enzymes. It is cheap, easy, fast, and yields high product volumes. Cant perform PTM
What is protein harvesting in biopharmaceutical production?
After target protein production in the expression system, proteins are harvested. The target protein is either produced in the cytoplasm or secreted into the medium
What is downstream processing in biopharmaceuticals?
Downstream processing ensures the safety and quality of the final product by removing impurities. The purification process has three stages: capture, intermediate purification, and polishing, improving purity but reducing protein recovery.
What are live-attenuated vaccines?
Live-attenuated vaccines use a weakened form of the microbe, providing a strong and long-lasting immune response. They are not suitable for immunocompromised individuals
What are inactivated vaccines?
Inactivated vaccines use a weakened or dead version of the pathogen and often require booster shots for sustained immunity.
What are toxoid vaccines?
Toxoid vaccines use inactivated toxins produced by pathogens. They provide immunity by targeting the toxin rather than the microbe, and booster doses are needed for continued protection
What are subunit vaccines?
Subunit vaccines, focus on specific antigens from the pathogen, offering a strong immune response.
What are viral vector vaccines?
Viral vector vaccines use a modified virus to deliver genetic material from the disease-causing agent, prompting host cells to produce the specific protein and trigger an immune response.
What are genetic vaccines?
Genetic vaccines, including DNA and mRNA vaccines, deliver nucleic acids encoding antigenic proteins. They offer rapid production and potential safety benefits.
What are DNA vaccines?
DNA vaccines introduce a DNA plasmid encoding an antigenic protein, leading to host cell production of the protein and subsequent immune recognition.
What are mRNA vaccines?
mRNA vaccines deliver mRNA encoding an antigenic protein, allowing host cells to translate the mRNA and produce the protein
