Lecture #6

Question 1

Diathesis - Stress Paradigm

Answer 1

• This model suggests that mental disorders result from an interaction between an individual’s biological predisposition (diathesis) and environmental stress.

Question 2

Diathesis

Answer 2

• Refers to a constitutional vulnerability or predisposition toward developing an illness, which increases risk but does not guarantee disorder onset.

Question 3

Diathesis (Vulnerability Stress Model)

Answer 3

• states that an individual’s vulnerability interacts with triggers (stress) to manifest a disorder, influenced by biological, social, and psychological factors.

Question 4

Biopsychosocial Paradigm

Answer 4

• This model combines biological, psychological, and social factors to explain the development of disorders, suggesting a multi-dimensional understanding of mental health issues.

Question 5

What are 2 examples of the biopsychosocial Paradigm?

Answer 5

• Anorexia
• Schizophrenia

Question 6

Risk Factors

Answer 6

• Factors increasing vulnerability to developing a disorder

Question 7

Protective Factors

Answer 7

• Conditions or attributes that decrease the likelihood of disorder development.

Question 8

Resilience

Answer 8

• The ability to “bounce back” from adversity, representing an individual’s drive to overcome obstacles and pursue goals.

Question 9

What’s an example of resilience?

Answer 9

• completing education

Question 10

Science

Answer 10

• Defined as the pursuit of organized knowledge through observation and testing.

Question 11

Testability

Answer 11

• Hypotheses should be capable of being tested to prove or disprove.

Question 12

Replicability

Answer 12

• Findings must be repeatable to confirm reliability.

Question 13

Construct

Answer 13

• A theoretical concept explaining observable behavior.

Question 14

What are 2 examples of a construct?

Answer 14

• attachment and anxiety

Question 15

Theory

Answer 15

• Predicts relationships between constructs.

Question 16

What’s an example of theory?

Answer 16

• secure attachment reducing anxiety levels

Question 17

Hypothesis

Answer 17

• A testable prediction derived from theory, such as the likelihood that cheerful social interactions are reciprocated positively.

Question 18

Null Hypothesis

Answer 18

• Assumes no relationship between variables.

Question 19

What are the 2 characteristics of good theory?

Answer 19

1) Operationism
2) Evaluating Theory

Question 20

Operationism

Answer 20

• defines each theoretical concept with a single, observable measure.

Question 21

Evaluating Theory

Answer 21

• judging theories based on whether they make sense, are well supported, and align with good research practices.

Question 22

Idiographic Approach

Answer 22

• Focuses on individuals, often using qualitative or case study methods to understand specific cases in detail.

Question 23

Nomethetic Approach

Answer 23

• Emphasizes patterns across groups, using correlational methods to find relationships among variables.

Question 24

Case Studies

Answer 24

• In depth focus on one individual to uncover new phenomena and generate hypotheses.

Question 25

Qualitative Research

Answer 25

• Similar to case studies but focuses on descriptive accounts of small groups, aiming to capture meaningful in depth information about experiences.

Question 26

Quantitative Research

Answer 26

• Emphasizes statistical analysis and objective measurement, useful in examining broad patterns but may overlook nuanced insights.

Question 27

Correlational Studies

Answer 27

• Analyze how to variables move together. They offer more control than observational studies, but causation cannot be inferred

Question 28

Experimental Design

Answer 28

• used to assess treatment effects, with randomized control trials (RCTs) being the gold standard.