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Abnormal psychology > Everything Before The Midterm > Flashcards

Everything Before The Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

Cognitive Theories

A
  • focus on thoughts, beliefs, and schemas that underlie behaviours
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2
Q

The cognitive triangle

A
  • Thoughts, Behavior, feelings
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3
Q

The cognitive Triad (Becks model of depression)

A
  • negative view of self
  • negative view of the world
  • negative view of the future
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4
Q

Ellis Model

A
  • It doesn’t really matter what happened, but it matters how you interpreted what happened.
  • Negative event (A) = Rational Belief (B) = Healthy negative emotion (C)
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5
Q

Carl Rogers

A
  • conditions of worth from society lead to feelings of inadequacy, conformity and emotional problems.
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6
Q

Social Learning Theory

A
  • learn through observing others and imitation or modeling
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7
Q

Family Systems Paradigm

A
  • focus on family as a unit rather then individuals
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8
Q

Freud thought that humans came into the world with 2 desires….

A
  • Eros (sex)
  • Thanatos (aggression)
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9
Q

Freud believed the mind was broken up into 3 parts….

A
  • conscious awareness
  • unconscious (repressed)
  • Preconscious
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10
Q

Structure of the mind

A

1) ID
2) EGO
3) SUPEREGO

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11
Q

THE ID (Freud)

A
  • immediate Gratification (I want it now)
  • operates according to the pleasure principle
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12
Q

The Ego (Freud)

A
  • planning and decision making functions, realizing that acting in pleasure is not the most effective way to maintaining life
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13
Q

The SUPEREGO (Freud)

A
  • incorporate parental values as their own to enjoy parental approval and avoid disapproval
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14
Q

Objective Anxiety

A
  • when one’s life is in jeopardy, one feels objective anxiety to danger in the external world
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15
Q

Neurotic Anxiety

A
  • fear not connected to reality or to any real threat
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16
Q

Moral Anxiety

A
  • Arises when the impulses of the superego punish an individual for not meeting expectations.
17
Q

Operant Conditioning

A
  • developed by B.F Skinner
  • behaviour changes based on outcomes
  • Reinforcement - increases behaviour
  • Punishment - decreases behaviour
18
Q

Freuds Psychosexual Stages (Oral)

A
  • Birth to 18 months
  • anything to do with mouth (eg. feeding)
19
Q

Freuds Psychosexual Stages (Anal)

A
  • 18 months - 3 years (Potty Training) if the stage is not well met you can become overly rigid (structure or no structure)
20
Q

Freuds Psychosexual Stages (Phallic)

A
  • 3-5 years
  • discovery of genitals
  • Freud believed child would have a crush on the opposite gender parent.
  • start liking parent of same gender as a friend near end of stage
21
Q

Freuds Psychosexual Stages (Latency)

A
  • 6 thru adolescence
  • focusing on friends, not interested in parents or boy / girl stuff)
22
Q

Freuds Psychosexual Stages (Genital)

A
  • adolescence thru adult
  • navigating romantic/sexual relationships with the opposite sex as you are navigating school, work, etc
23
Q

Biological Theories

A
  • Similar to physical disease it’s the breakdown of some systems of the body.
24
Q

Supernatural Theories

A
  • divine intervention, curses, demonic, possession, and personal sin
25
Q

Psychological Theories

A
  • mental disorders, etc
26
Q

Hippocrates believed….

A
  • mental disturbances have natural causes (brain pathology)
27
Q

3 categories of mental disorders….

A

1) Mania
2) Melancholia (depression)
3) Phrenitis (brain fever)

28
Q

Healthy brain function depends on the balance of 4 humours…

A

1) blood
2) bile
3) phlegm
4) fire

29
Q

Philppe Pinel (1745-1826)

A
  • believed that people should be approached with compassion and dignity
30
Q

Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)

A
  • crusader for improved conditions for people with psychological disorders.
31
Q

Albert Ellis

A
  • People are prone to psychological disorders are plagued by irrational negative assumptions about themselves and the world.
32
Q

Behaviorism

A
  • examined the role of reinforcement and punishment in determining behavior
33
Q

What are the 2 assumptions of science?

A
  • Determinism - events have determinable causes
  • Empiricism - events must be observable and measurable.
34
Q

Clinical Psychology

A
  • uses science, theory, and practice to understand, predict and alleviate maladjustment and personal development
35
Q

Psychology 4D’s

A

1) Dysfunction
2) distress
3) Deviance
4) Danger

36
Q

Statistical Infrequency

A
  • A behaviour that occurs rarely or infrequently
37
Q

Psychopathology

A
  • Is a field concerned with the nature and development of abnormal….
    1) Affect
    2) Behaviours
    3) Cognitions
38
Q

Biological Paradigm

A
  • Is a theoretical framework in psychology and psychiatry that emphasizes the biological underpinnings of mental processes and behaviors.

Abnormal psychology (7 decks)

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