Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

EXS124 > Lecture 6 > Flashcards

Lecture 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the different field methods to assessing body composition

A 
. Height and weight
• Body Mass Index (BMI)
• Skinfolds
• Waist circumference
• Waist-to-hip ratio
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What equipment is needed for the height field method

A

• Height measured by Stadiometer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the process for the height field method

A 
• Remove shoes
• Subject stands straight
• Take a deep breath in and holds
while looking straight ahead
• You can assist subject into assuming
Frankfort plane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What equipment is needed for the weight field method

A

Weight measured by calibrated scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe the process for the weight method

A
  • Remove shoes
  • Also remove as much clothing as possible
  • No wet hair
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the BMI formula

A

BMI = weight (kg) ÷ height (m)2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is BMI used to determine overweight/obesity

A

Based on the concept that individuals with lower BF% will have a low BMI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the BMI range(adullts) for normal weight

A

Normal weight = BMI 18.5 - 24.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the BMI range(adults) for overweight

A

Overweight = BMI 25 - 29.9

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the BMI range (adults) for obesity

A

Obesity = BMI ≥30

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the BMI range (adults) for severe obesity

A

Severe Obesity = BMI ≥35

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the problems with the usage of BMI

A
  • Does not measure the amount of fat
  • Can over-report obesity compared to BF%

• Heavy athletes end up with a high BMI, even if they
have a low BF%

• Elderly: low BMIs due to ↓ muscle mass
despite a high BF%

• BMI increases as you age because height
decreases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the skinfold assessment

A

Measures 2 layers of subcutaneous fat (beneath the
skin)

• Provides an estimate of a person’s overall body
fatness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the process of the skinfold assessment technique

A
  1. Skinfold measurements are always taken on the right side of
    the body
  2. Carefully identify, measure and mark the skinfold site
  3. Grasp the skinfold between the thumb and index finger of
    your left hand at the measurement site
  4. Lift the fold gently, and place the calipers 1 cm below the
    measurement site
  5. Take skinfold measurement 2 seconds after releasing the
    calipers
  6. Open the calipers and release the skinfold
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where are the sites for skinfold assessment

A

. Chest
. Abdominal
. Thigh
. Triceps/Biceps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the location for chest skinfold assessment

A 
• Diagonal fold
• Men: midway between anterior
axilla and nipple
• Women: 1/3 distance between
anterior axilla and nipple
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the location for abdominal skinfold assessment

A

• Vertical fold
• 5 cm to the right of the
umbilicus (belly button)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the location for thigh skinfold assessment

A 
• Vertical fold
• Anterior midline of the thigh
• Midway between proximal
patella (kneecap) and inguinal
(hip) crease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the location for triceps/biceps skinfold assessment

A 
• Vertical fold
• Posterior/anterior midline of
upper arm
• Midpoint between acromion
(shoulder) and head of the
radius (elbow)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Describe the location for subscapular skinfold assessment

A

• Diagonal fold
• 2 cm below the inferior
angle of the scapula (bottom
of shoulder blade)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe the location for medial calf skinfold assessment

A

• Vertical fold
• Most medial aspect at the point
of greatest girth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the location for suprailiac skinfold assessment

A

• Diagonal fold
• Mid-axillary line
(superior to the iliac
crest; i.e. hip bone)

23
Q

Describe the location for supraspinale skinfold assessment

A

• Diagonal fold
• At the level of iliac crest, on the
line between anterior axilla and
ASIS

24
Q

What skinfold methods do females use to estimate body fat

A

Females use Withers (6-site), Jackson-Pollack (3-site) or Jackson, Pollack and
Ward (4-site) method

25
Q

What skinfold methods do males use to estimate body fat

A

For males use Withers (7-site), Durnin and Womersley (4-site) or Katch and
McArdle (3-site) method

26
Q

What method or equation do u convert the skinfold methods results into % body fat

A

Body Fat % = [(4.95 / body density) – 4.50] x 100

27
Q

Why is circumference(girth) measurements used

A

Used as an estimation of body composition

Easy to learn, administer and inexpensive

  • Ideal for documenting changes in body size
  • Waist during a weight-loss program
  • Muscle during a weight training program
28
Q

Explain the procedure of circumference measurements

A
  1. Subjects stand erect but relaxed
  2. Identify/mark standardised sites
  3. Apply tape perpendicular to the long axis
  4. Tape should be taut, not tight (no skin compression)
  5. Read measurement to nearest millimeter
  6. Take 2 measurements and average
29
Q

Name the sites for circumference assessments

A 
. Waist
. Hip
. Upper arm
. Chest
. Mid thigh
. Thigh
. Forearm
. Calf
30
Q

Describe the location of the circumference assessment Waist

A 
• Narrowest point of the
abdomen:
o Between the lower costal
border and the top of the
iliac crest
31
Q

Describe the location of the circumference assessment Hip

A

• Greatest posterior

protrusion of the buttocks

32
Q

Describe the location of the circumference assessment Upper arm

A

Midpoint between acromion
(shoulder) and radial head
(elbow)

33
Q

Describe the location of the circumference assessment Chest

A

• Mid-point of the sternum
(at level of 4th rib)
• “Mid-chest” may be more
appropriate

34
Q

Describe the location of the circumference assessment Mid thigh

A

• Midpoint between greater
trochanter and tibial condyle
• ALSO: mid-point between inguinal
crease and superior patella

35
Q

Describe the location of the circumference assessment thigh

A

• 1 cm below the gluteal

fold

36
Q

Describe the location of the circumference assessment forearm

A

Maximal girth of forearm, distal

to humeral epicondyles

37
Q

Describe the location of the circumference assessment calf

A

• Maximal girth of the calf

38
Q

How to calculate the waist to hip ratio

A

Waist circumference ÷ hip circumference

39
Q

What is the point of the waist to hip ratio

A

• An indicator of body fat distribution

40
Q

Describe • High Waist:Hip ratio

A

greater adipose in the

abdomen

41
Q

Describe • Low Waist:Hip ratio

A

greater adipose in the in

the hip/gluteal region

42
Q

High risk measurements of men (obesity)

A

Waist measurements of >102 cm (men)

43
Q

High risk measurements of women (obesity)

A

Waist measurements of >88 cm (men)

44
Q

Describe assessing body composition using laboratory methods

A

• Require more specific and expensive
equipment
• Greater levels of reliability and validity

45
Q

Name some laboratory methods to assessing body composition

A
  • Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DEXA)
  • Hydrostatic Weighing
  • Air Displacement
  • Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA)
46
Q

Describe DEXA

A

Low-radiation X-ray scan of the entire body which can

estimate BF% and bone density (the rest is ‘lean mass’)

47
Q

Explain the purpose of the DEXA

A

Provides a measure of total body fat and the regional

distribution of fat

48
Q

Describe hydrostatic weighing

A

Subject is weighed both on land and when fully

submerged in water

49
Q

Explain the purpose of the hydrostatic weighing

A

Based on the density of various tissues:

  • Lean mass: more dense than water
  • Fat mass: less dense than water

• Therefore, more muscular individuals will weigh more
under water

50
Q

Describe air displacement

A

Instead of being submerged, sensors in the
chamber estimate the amount of air displaced
by the subject

51
Q

Describe the purpose of air displacement

A

Body fat can be calculated using the weight and

the amount of air displaced

52
Q

Describe bioelectrical impedance analysis

A

A low-level current is passed through the body to estimate body
fat %

53
Q

Describe the purpose of bioelectrical impedance analysis

A

Lean tissue contains more water than fat tissue

• Therefore, the level of resistance to the currents flow indicates the amount of lean and fat
mass

EXS124 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions