Lecture 5 Flashcards
What is body composition
Relative amounts of fat and fat-free tissues(bone, muscle, organs)
Often expressed as % of body fat
What are the commonly classify body compositions
Underweight
Normal range
Overweight
Obese
Severely obese
What are the routine measures by exercise and sports scientists
General health screen
Monitoring the effectiveness of
lifestyle interventions
Assessing the long-term change in body comp
Talent identification within the sporting environment
What is the importance of assessing body composition
Establishing optimal weight for health and physical performance
Correlations between obesity and risk of chronic diseases
What are the 5 levels of body composition
Atomic
Molecular
Cellular
Functional
Whole body
Describe atomic (body composition)
N, K, Ca, NA
Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Describe molecular(body composition)
Mineral
Protein
Fat
Water
Describe cellular(body composition)
Fat
ECS
ECF
Cell mass
Describe functional(body composition)
Other
Blood
Bone
Adipose tissue
Skeletal muscle
Name the 3 different multicomponent models
Two-component model
Three-component model
Four-component model
Describe the two-component model
Body weight= fat-free mass + fat mass
Describe the three-component model
Body weight= total body water + fat-free dry mass + fat mass
Describe the four-component model
Body weight= total body water + bone mineral + fat mass + residual
What are the 2 different types of fat
Essential fat
Storage fat
Where is essential fat located
Located in nerves, the heart, glands and liver
Describe essential fat
Necessary for healthy function:
- 3% for men
- 12% for women
Where is storage fat located
Located in adipose tissue
Describe storage fat
May be visceral(around organs) or subcutaneous(below the skin)
What are the recommended levels of body fat
8% -22% for men= optimum
20%-35% for women=optimum
What are the two patterns of obesity
Android
Gynoid
Describe android
Android pattern poses greater health risks such as:
Heart disease
Hypertension
Diabetes
Obesity and Genetics explain
Common obesity is likely affected by numerous genes
Rare forms of obesity result from mutations in single genes
Name the chronic conditions associated with obesity
- Cardiovascular disease
- Various cancers
- Hypertension
- Kidney disease
- Arthritis
- Type 2 Diabetes
- Sleep apnea
- Gallbladder disease
- Menstrual abnormalities
- Difficulty with conception
- Pregnancy complications
What are the health effects of being underweight
Loss of muscle mass and strength resulting
from malnutrition
• Menstrual abnormalities that can lead to
infertility
• Osteoporosis
- Decreased bone mineral density – insufficient
dietary intake
Describe basal metabolic rate(BMR)
• Minimum amount of energy required to maintain physiological
function
- Expressed as kilocalories (Cal)
- Dependent on age, sex and body mass
Describe resting metabolic rate(RMR)
• Similar to BMR (measured under less strict conditions)
Describe energy requirements
• Apply activity factor to BMR to determine daily energy requirements to
maintain weight
- Men typically have higher energy requirements than women
- Greater amount of metabolically active tissue (i.e. larger muscle mass)
