Lecture 5

Question 1

What is body composition

Answer 1

Relative amounts of fat and fat-free tissues(bone, muscle, organs)

Often expressed as % of body fat

Question 2

What are the commonly classify body compositions

Answer 2

Underweight

Normal range

Overweight

Obese

Severely obese

Question 3

What are the routine measures by exercise and sports scientists

Answer 3

General health screen

Monitoring the effectiveness of
lifestyle interventions

Assessing the long-term change in body comp

Talent identification within the sporting environment

Question 4

What is the importance of assessing body composition

Answer 4

Establishing optimal weight for health and physical performance

Correlations between obesity and risk of chronic diseases

Question 5

What are the 5 levels of body composition

Answer 5

Atomic

Molecular

Cellular

Functional

Whole body

Question 6

Describe atomic (body composition)

Answer 6

N, K, Ca, NA

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Question 7

Describe molecular(body composition)

Answer 7

Mineral

Protein

Fat

Water

Question 8

Describe cellular(body composition)

Answer 8

Fat

ECS

ECF

Cell mass

Question 9

Describe functional(body composition)

Answer 9

Other

Blood

Bone

Adipose tissue

Skeletal muscle

Question 10

Name the 3 different multicomponent models

Answer 10

Two-component model

Three-component model

Four-component model

Question 11

Describe the two-component model

Answer 11

Body weight= fat-free mass + fat mass

Question 12

Describe the three-component model

Answer 12

Body weight= total body water + fat-free dry mass + fat mass

Question 13

Describe the four-component model

Answer 13

Body weight= total body water + bone mineral + fat mass + residual

Question 14

What are the 2 different types of fat

Answer 14

Essential fat

Storage fat

Question 15

Where is essential fat located

Answer 15

Located in nerves, the heart, glands and liver

Question 16

Describe essential fat

Answer 16

Necessary for healthy function:

• 3% for men
• 12% for women

Question 17

Where is storage fat located

Answer 17

Located in adipose tissue

Question 18

Describe storage fat

Answer 18

May be visceral(around organs) or subcutaneous(below the skin)

Question 19

What are the recommended levels of body fat

Answer 19

8% -22% for men= optimum

20%-35% for women=optimum

Question 20

What are the two patterns of obesity

Answer 20

Android

Gynoid

Question 21

Describe android

Answer 21

Android pattern poses greater health risks such as:

Heart disease

Hypertension

Diabetes

Question 22

Obesity and Genetics explain

Answer 22

Common obesity is likely affected by numerous genes

Rare forms of obesity result from mutations in single genes

Question 23

Name the chronic conditions associated with obesity

Answer 23

• Cardiovascular disease
• Various cancers
• Hypertension
• Kidney disease
• Arthritis
• Type 2 Diabetes
• Sleep apnea
• Gallbladder disease
• Menstrual abnormalities
• Difficulty with conception
• Pregnancy complications

Question 24

What are the health effects of being underweight

Answer 24

Loss of muscle mass and strength resulting
from malnutrition

• Menstrual abnormalities that can lead to
infertility

• Osteoporosis
- Decreased bone mineral density – insufficient
dietary intake

Question 25

Describe basal metabolic rate(BMR)

Answer 25

• Minimum amount of energy required to maintain physiological
function

• Expressed as kilocalories (Cal)
• Dependent on age, sex and body mass

Question 26

Describe resting metabolic rate(RMR)

Answer 26

• Similar to BMR (measured under less strict conditions)

Question 27

Describe energy requirements

Answer 27

• Apply activity factor to BMR to determine daily energy requirements to
maintain weight

• Men typically have higher energy requirements than women
• Greater amount of metabolically active tissue (i.e. larger muscle mass)