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Psychopathology > Lecture 5: Sexual Disorders and Gender Variations > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Sexual Disorders and Gender Variations Flashcards

1
Q

sexual dysfunction

A

persistent inability to function normally in some area of the sexual response cycle

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2
Q

sexual dysfunction checklist

A
  • longer than 6 months
  • causes significant distress or impairment, is not due to another nonsexual psychiatric problem
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3
Q

lifelong

A

some people suffer from sexual dysfunction for their entire lives

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4
Q

acquired

A

others may have had normal sexual functioning before the disorder developed

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5
Q

global

A

in some cases, the dysfunction occurs during all sexual situations

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6
Q

situational

A

in other people it may be linked to certain situations

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7
Q

sexual response cycle

A
  1. desire phase
  2. excitement phase
  3. plateau phase
  4. orgasm phase
  5. resolution phase
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8
Q

desire phase

A

interest in or urge to have sex in response to sexual fantasies or environmental cues

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9
Q

male hypoactive sexual desire disorder

A

reduced interest in sex and engaging in little sexual activity

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10
Q

female sexual interest/arousal disorder

A

lack of normal interest in sex and usually feeling little excitement during sex

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11
Q

excitement phase

A

psychological experience of sexual arousal

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12
Q

erectile disorder

A

failing to attain or maintain an erection during sex

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13
Q

plateau phase

A

high but stable level of excitement

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14
Q

orgasm phase

A

peak of sexual pleasure where tensions are released

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15
Q

premature ejaculation

A

man ejaculating within one minute of sex and before he wishes to ejaculate

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16
Q

delayed ejaculation

A

man being unable to ejaculate or having very delayed ejaculation during sex

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17
Q

female orgasmic disorder

A

woman failing to reach orgasm, having very delayed orgasm, or having orgasms of very low intensity

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18
Q

resolution phase

A

decreased arousal
- sexual dysfunction never during resolution phase

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19
Q

sexual pain disorder

A

marked by physical discomfort during sex

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20
Q

genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder

A

2 types:
- vaginismus: muscles of vagina contract during arousal, preventing penis from entering; might be caused by learned fear or by an infection of the vagina
- dyspareunia: experiencing pelvic or vaginal pain during sex, caused by injury during childbirth, scar from episiotomy or variety of factors

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21
Q

biological factors involved in sexuality

A

genetic sex, hormonal functioning, brain structure
- hormones: prolactin in both genders, estrogen in females, testosterone in males

22
Q

social factors involved in sexuality

A

relationships with sexual partners, culture

23
Q

psychological factors involved in sexuality

A

attitudes and expectations toward sex

24
Q

performance anxiety

A

fear of performing inadequately and a related tension that is experienced during sex

25
Q

spectator role

A

state of mind that some people experience during sex, focusing on sexual performance to such an extent that performance and enjoyment are reduced

26
Q

principles of modern sex therapy

A
  • assessing and conceptualizing the problem – medical and past-life examination
  • mutual responsibility
  • education about sexuality
  • emotional identification
  • attitude change
  • elimination of performance anxiety and spectator role
  • increasing sexual and communication skills
  • changing destructive lifestyles and couple interactions
  • addressing physical and medical factors
27
Q

disorders of desire

A
  • affectual awareness: visualizing sexual scenes in order to discover negative emotions or feelings of anxiety
  • self-instructive training: replacing negative thoughts and statements with constructive ones
28
Q

erectile disorder treatment

A
  • reducing performance anxiety and increasing stimulation by tease technique
  • taking drugs to increase blood flow to penis (sildenafil – viagra)
29
Q

premature ejaculation treatment

A
  • stop-start/pause procedure: penis is stimulated until man almost reaches orgasm, followed by a break to let arousal subside
  • SSRIs because it decreases sexual arousal
30
Q

delayed ejaculation treatment

A
  • reducing performance anxiety and increasing stimulation
  • drug therapy can be used when nerve damage is a causal factor
31
Q

female orgasmic disorder treatment

A
  • cognitive-behavioral techniques, increasing body awareness, self-exploration
  • directed masturbation training: teaching how to masturbate step by step to reach orgasm
32
Q

genito-pelivic pain/penetration disorder treatment

A
  • practicing tightening and relaxing the muscles until woman has control
  • behavioral treatment to overcome fear of penetration
  • pain management procedures and sex therapy
  • medical procedures are sometimes needed
33
Q

paraphilias

A

having sexual fantasies or behaviors related to objects or situations outside the usual norm

34
Q

paraphilic disorder

A

when paraphilia causes distress or impairment, interferes with daily life, or when it may cause harm

35
Q

paraphilic disorder checklist

A

at least 6 months and significant distress or impairment

36
Q

transvestic disorder (transvestism/cross-dressing)

A

being sexually aroused by dressing up in clothes of the opposite sex

37
Q

fetishistic disorder

A

being sexually aroused by nonliving objects or nongenital body parts, usually while ignoring all other stimuli

38
Q

fetishistic disorder treatment

A
  • masturbation satiation: the patient has to masturbate for a long time fantasizing about the paraphilic object, person will become bored
  • orgasmic reorientation: teaches patients to respond to new, more appropriate sources of sexual stimulation
39
Q

exhibitionist disorder

A

being sexually aroused by exposing one’s genitals to someone who is unsuspecting

40
Q

voyeuristic disorder

A

being sexually aroused by spying on people being naked or having sex

41
Q

frotteuristic disorder

A

being sexually aroused by touching or rubbing against nonconsenting people

42
Q

pedophilic disorder

A

being sexually aroused by physically non-matured children

43
Q

sexual masochism disorder

A

being sexually aroused by being made to suffer

44
Q

autosomatic asphyxia

A

a type of sexual masochism disorder
- people may accidentally experience a fatal loss of oxygen by hanging, choking, or strangling themselves while masturbating

45
Q

hypoxiphilia

A

a type of sexual masochism disorder
- people strangle or choke themselves to increase their sexual pleasure

46
Q

sexual sadism disorder

A

being sexually aroused by the suffering of others, either physical or psychological

47
Q

transgender

A

individuals whose gender identity is different from the gender they were assigned at birth

48
Q

gender dysphoria

A

extreme distress or impairment experienced by some transgender people due to the incongruence between their gender and the one they were assigned at birth

49
Q

gender dysphoria checklist

A

for 6 months or more, causes significant distress or impairment

50
Q

gender dysphoria treatment

A
  • biological procedures: effective way to improve symptoms
  • psychotherapy: build awareness of needs and feelings, reduce anxiety, depression and anger, improve self-image and develop coping skills
  • cognitive-behavioral: transgender education programs/support programs

Psychopathology (12 decks)

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