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KRLS 207 > Lecture #5 Service Delivery > Flashcards

Lecture #5 Service Delivery Flashcards

1
Q

Service Delivery Models:

A
  1. Relative Isolation
  2. Integration
  3. Inclusion
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2
Q

What stimulated changes to happen in service delivery model?

A
  • Human conflict
  • Formation of humanitarian organizations (e.g. United Nations in 1940s)
    -Legislation to protect the rights of people with impairments
  • In the present: Covid 19, created big opportunities for change.
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3
Q

Service Delivery Model: 1. Relative isolation:

A

Very old model (1900-1950s)
- E.g. institutions, residential programs, special schools – where people resided
- Strong segregation occurred in most cases

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4
Q

What model is Relative isolation’s model based on?

A

Facilities-based model

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5
Q

Why are people segregated as in Relative isolation, facility-based model?

A
  • Fear of mental illness
  • not understanding
  • “they don’t look normal”
  • their needs are different
  • Doctors recommendation to let their children in the institution better that being with the parents
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6
Q

What are some consequences of the relative isolation model?

A
  • People viewed and treated as victims or patients
  • Few opportunities for interactions with society
  • Limited opportunities to have choices
  • Limited education; Sometimes too focused on training
  • Minimal opportunities for recreation; Physical activity prescribed to fix/correct medical conditions
  • Mistreatment, abuse, lack of privacy and respect in the institution
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7
Q

Sexual Sterilization Act of Alberta (1928-1972). What happened?

A

“Eugenics.” Women with “problematic” genes were prevented from having babies by removing their uterus without consent.

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8
Q

What is Eugenics?

A

Eugenicists worldwide believed that they could perfect human beings and eliminate so-called social ills through genetics and heredity

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9
Q

How about Segregated/Specialized Programs in this day?

A

We hope that they are based on choice and that they have enough experience.

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10
Q

What are some advantages of Segregated Programs?

A
  1. Some choose segregated programs
  2. Focus on the needs of the individual
  3. Allows 1-on-1 or small-group instruction
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11
Q

People should not be placed in segregated programs just because of what?

A

just because of physical, intellectual, emotional or social differences

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12
Q

Integration Model:

A

Works on the integration of people with impairments learn, work, and recreate among people without impairments

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13
Q

What model is the Integration Model based on?

A

A Services Based Model (emerged in the 1950’s) After the Relative Isolation Model

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14
Q

Why did the Integration model emerge?

A
  • Public outcry: by activists movement
  • WWII Veterans
  • Research: impairment fear-based
  • Change in thinking - Normalization
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15
Q

What was the key to how Integration Model immerged?

A

The concept of Normalization

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16
Q

What is the principle of Normalization - Integration Model?

A

People with impairments had the right to lead a life as close as possible to people without impairments.
- The idea that “the average life is the ideal life.”

17
Q

What are the types of Integration in the system?

A

a. Mainstreaming
b. Least Restrictive Environment

18
Q

Mainstreaming (integration model):

A
  • People with impairments join programs for people without impairments
  • Regular placement while still providing specialized services
  • On an individual basis following assessment
19
Q

What are the disadvantages of mainstreaming?

A
  • Often applied inappropriately because of lack of planning or specialized staff
  • Used as a “dumping ground for disability”, people with more severe disability tend to not get enough attention for their cases. (no proper planning or support)
20
Q

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) (integration model):

A
  • matches abilities with services
  • many placement options and services
  • movement up or down the spectrum depending on readiness (based on level of needs)
  • designed for all people, not just those with mild intellectual impairments
21
Q

Least Restrictive Environment (LRE) example as a continuum in a community recreation program:

A

Goal: Participation in LRE:
1- Totally segregated programs
2- Segregated community programs
3- Formal integration
4- Spontaneous integration

22
Q

What are some disadvantages of Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)?

A
  • One environment may not prepare people for more integrated environments
  • Movement through the continuum rarely happened
  • “Authorized” segregation/restrictive environments
23
Q

What is Reverse Integration (RI)? Example?

A

It is a program made specifically for disabled people, and disabled people would serve as an integration agent.
- Primarily associated with parasport
eg. wheelchair basketball

24
Q

Why would the Reverse Integration (RI) be better?

A
  • create more equitable participation
  • highlight the abilities of participants, and
  • bring awareness to attitudinal and architectural barriers
25
Q

Inclusion Model:

A

Emerged in the 1980’s
- There is no one definition
- Everyone included
- Merger of regular and special education

26
Q

What models is Inclusion Model based on?

A
  • A supports-based model
  • A person-first model
27
Q

State the definitions of Inclusion:

A
  • “Inclusion must be re-conceptualized as an attitude or process.”
  • “…a philosophical approach to implementing social justice.”
  • “…individuals with a disability, to have choice (informed choice) and to have choices.”
  • “…a sense of belonging, acceptance and value….a subjective experience…”
28
Q

What are some disadvantages to the Inclusion Model?

A
  • Enforces unwanted activities
    eg. Placement mandate outweighed individual needs
  • Ignored parental preferences
  • Problems with quality of educational programs
  • Lack of qualified staff
  • Lack of focus on the individual experience
29
Q

How do we create diversity?

A
  • Listening to unfamiliar voices
  • Being open
  • Celebrating difference in dignified ways
  • Participatory democracy

KRLS 207 (7 decks)

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