Lecture 5 (Psychology today) Flashcards
who was the first to measure intelligence and how
galton - measuring head size
how did binet approach intelligence testing
gave ppts a range of mental tasks and was practical, not theoretical
what terms did william stern coin
IQ and calculated measurement
how did terman use binet’s work
developed the standord-binet test
saw it as a tool for eugenics - nurture the bright, institutionalise the “feeble minded”
how was munsterberg’s approach to intelligence testing different to terman
in france it was used to intervene and help
in america, it was to prevent damage to society
how did witmer contribute to clinical psychology
established the first psychology clinic for educational needs
what were french psychologists the first to do in relation to clinical psychology
the first to be associated with medical units in hospitals for treatment
what is the elton mayo & hawthorne effect
explored impact of lighting on worker productivity
found that any change whatsoever in enviornment increased productivity
this was due to the presence of someone observing the work in all conditions, nothing to do with the environment itself
how does the mayo-hawthorne effect help society
shows that activity of managers and observers increases worker productivity
what is a criticism by bramel and friend on the hawthorne-mayo effect
the findings may be impossibly flawed
what brought mass psychometric testing to the fore
WW1 - psychometric testing for officer selection
mass intelligence testing of military personnel
what are a few implications of psychometric testing
eugenics, society deterioration, segregation
what was an example of psychometric testing being an issue
yerkes - published results stating 47% of white males were morons,
worse results for other races (89% in black people)
this was used to restrict immigration
what were the problems with yerkes’ results
content
categorisation
interpretation
what does cognitivism state about the brain
brain = hardware
mind = software
what developments were made in measurement of brain activity
EEG - 1920s
MRI - 1970s
fMRI - 1990s
what benefit does measurement of brain activity provide
brain activity can be recorded when doing psychological tasks
inferences can be made about locations / networks related to psychological processes
what did post-war psychology move towards
studying group behaviour and the role of the situation
what is the sociobiological approach
seeks evolutionary causes of behaviour and mind
what is the role of evolutionary biology
it states taht evolutionary biology explains all behaviour
what does quantitative research assume
theory is falisfiable
we can find universal causal relationships
we can minimise noise and confounds
what are some benefits of quantitative research
experimentscan be replicated
can observe relationships between variables
can detemine causality
what are some critiques of quantitative research
there can be poor practices and biases
misses unquantifiable areas of interest
it divorces measure from the person behind it
what does qualitative research assume
sceptical of an external reality for psychological processes
what is big q and little q
a big q is an unstructured, observational research that evolves during data collection
a little q is qualitative aspects within structured research
what are some benefits of qualitative research
richer understanding of data
elaborative data
what are some critiques of qualtiative research
generalisability
risks bias
lots of different methods to analyse the same data - nothing is standardised
