Lecture 2 (Key schools of thought) Flashcards
what is epistemology
the stuff of thought, where it comes from
what are examples of epistemology
rationalism, empiricism
how did locke believe complex ideas were created
combination - multiple simple ideas form into one
relation - bring ideas together without combination (metaphors)
generalisation - forming general rules from events (heuristics
what were the 2 kinds of sensory information that hume believed in
impressions - sensations arising from the senses
ideas - impressions recalled from memory
what did hume believe we have no proof of
the self, religion, causal relationships, generalisation from past to future events
how does leibniz disagree with rationalism
some ideas are innate
the mind-body problem
how did kant disagree with empiricism
believed that experience must come from both senses and innate knowledge
what were the two types of knowledge kant believed in
analytic - statements that contain their own truth
synthetic - statements that provide new knowledge
what is most empirical / rational knowledge according to kant
empirical = synthetic
rational = analytic
what is newton’s natural philosophy
dealing with matter, cosmos, physics, biology
what does natural philosophy reject
physicality of the mind
what is physiognomy
character reflected in the face
what is phrenology
character is reflected in the mind
mind is compartmentalised into judgements, compassion, memory, attention, perception, consciousness
what are psychophysics
the physical laws of the mind that aim to find the mathematical laws that relate psychic quantities to physical ones
what is the two point threshold and who created it
weber
minimum distance at which 2 stimuli are percieved as separate
what are issues with the 2 point threshold
relies on subjective feelings
doesn’t account for individual differences
what did weber and fechner’s psychophysics link
natural philosophy and experimental psychology
what was wundt’s psychology to-do list
measure consciousness
describe consciousness with mathematical laws
re-examine claims of philosophy of mind
find how our perceptions of the world relate to reality
how did titchener develop wundt’s psychology
aimed to break down consciousness into its elements
how many elemental qualities did titchener eventually list
44,000
how did nascent psychologists argue mental life could be studied
through psychophysics and introspection
