Lecture 1 (Classical thought)

Question 1

what constructs of psychology did the iliad contain

Answer 1

psyche, menos, thymos, noos

Question 2

what two important concepts did thales of miletus create

Answer 2

critical thinking and naturalism

Question 3

what is naturalism

Answer 3

looking to the world for answers rather than the supernatural

Question 4

what is empiricism

Answer 4

using experience for obtaining knowledge

Question 5

what is rationalism

Answer 5

knowledge is obtained from reason, not experience

Question 6

what is materialism

Answer 6

there is only matter that behaves in a lawful fashion

Question 7

what is determinism

Answer 7

if things behave in a lawful fashion, they don’t have free will

Question 8

why are there difficulty in drawing conclusions from Ancient Greece?

Answer 8

sources often retranslated and what they mean and what we mean are sometimes different

Question 9

what did early greek doctors determine about physis

Answer 9

prominience in blood, phlegm, yellow bile or black bile determined personality

Question 10

what do the 4 humours correspond to element wise

Answer 10

blood = air
phlegm = water
yellow bile = fire
black bile = earth

Question 11

what would a prominence of blood mean to hippocrates

Answer 11

a person was optimistic / sociable

Question 12

what would a prominence of phlegm mean to hippocrates

Answer 12

a person was calm / patient and unemotional

Question 13

what would a prominence of yellow bile mean to hippocrates

Answer 13

a person was ambitious / assertive and angry

Question 14

what would a prominence of black bile mean to hippocrates

Answer 14

a person was introspective / sensitive and sad

Question 15

what replaced the model of the 4 humours

Answer 15

chemistry

Question 16

what are virtues

Answer 16

justice, courage, beauty, goodness - things we should strive for

Question 17

why did socrates claim he was the wisest

Answer 17

he stated that at least he knows he doesn’t know the truth

Question 18

what kind of knowledge did plato focus on

Answer 18

knowledge that we acquire

Question 19

what did plato think of knowledge gained via thought

Answer 19

it was superior to knowledge gained via senses

Question 20

what did plato believe true knowledge was

Answer 20

knowledge of forms, not things as they appear to be

Question 21

what did plato think of the body

Answer 21

it was a temporary prison for the soul

Question 22

what did plato think about learning

Answer 22

it was remembering previous knowledge, not obtaining new knowledge

Question 23

what did plato think the soul was comprised of

Answer 23

appetitive soul
spirited soul
rational soul

Question 24

what is the appetitive soul

Answer 24

pleasures / drives

Question 25

what is the spirited soul

Answer 25

courage / glory

Question 26

what is the rational soul

Answer 26

an immortal part of the soul that comes from the realm of forms

Question 27

what did plato think of reason and cognitive processes

Answer 27

they divide from irrational passions and desires

Question 28

what did aristotle define as comprising a form

Answer 28

material - what it’s made from
essential - what it truly is
efficient - how it came to be
final - why it exists

Question 29

did aristole believe the soul and body were separate?

Answer 29

no, a body without a soul is dead, a soul without a body doesn’t exist

Question 30

what are the three types of souls in aristotle’s naturalism

Answer 30

nutritive - plants
sensitive - animals
rational - humans

Question 31

how did aristotle believe knowledge was acquired

Answer 31

through the perception of individual objects until a generalised universal form is attained