Lecture 1 (Classical thought) Flashcards
what constructs of psychology did the iliad contain
psyche, menos, thymos, noos
what two important concepts did thales of miletus create
critical thinking and naturalism
what is naturalism
looking to the world for answers rather than the supernatural
what is empiricism
using experience for obtaining knowledge
what is rationalism
knowledge is obtained from reason, not experience
what is materialism
there is only matter that behaves in a lawful fashion
what is determinism
if things behave in a lawful fashion, they don’t have free will
why are there difficulty in drawing conclusions from Ancient Greece?
sources often retranslated and what they mean and what we mean are sometimes different
what did early greek doctors determine about physis
prominience in blood, phlegm, yellow bile or black bile determined personality
what do the 4 humours correspond to element wise
blood = air
phlegm = water
yellow bile = fire
black bile = earth
what would a prominence of blood mean to hippocrates
a person was optimistic / sociable
what would a prominence of phlegm mean to hippocrates
a person was calm / patient and unemotional
what would a prominence of yellow bile mean to hippocrates
a person was ambitious / assertive and angry
what would a prominence of black bile mean to hippocrates
a person was introspective / sensitive and sad
what replaced the model of the 4 humours
chemistry
what are virtues
justice, courage, beauty, goodness - things we should strive for
why did socrates claim he was the wisest
he stated that at least he knows he doesn’t know the truth
what kind of knowledge did plato focus on
knowledge that we acquire
what did plato think of knowledge gained via thought
it was superior to knowledge gained via senses
what did plato believe true knowledge was
knowledge of forms, not things as they appear to be
what did plato think of the body
it was a temporary prison for the soul
what did plato think about learning
it was remembering previous knowledge, not obtaining new knowledge
what did plato think the soul was comprised of
appetitive soul
spirited soul
rational soul
what is the appetitive soul
pleasures / drives
what is the spirited soul
courage / glory
what is the rational soul
an immortal part of the soul that comes from the realm of forms
what did plato think of reason and cognitive processes
they divide from irrational passions and desires
what did aristotle define as comprising a form
material - what it’s made from
essential - what it truly is
efficient - how it came to be
final - why it exists
did aristole believe the soul and body were separate?
no, a body without a soul is dead, a soul without a body doesn’t exist
what are the three types of souls in aristotle’s naturalism
nutritive - plants
sensitive - animals
rational - humans
how did aristotle believe knowledge was acquired
through the perception of individual objects until a generalised universal form is attained
