Lecture 5: Planes and Axes Flashcards
Anatomical Position
Reference position for human body
standing upright
arms down
palms forward
knees together
toes forward
Neutral position
Segment or jt. position where the angle is defined as zero degrees
Plane
an imaginary, perfectly flat surface
Principal planes
sagittal plane (divides left and right - cuts btwn eyes)
frontal plane (divides front and back - cuts from ear to ear)
transverse plane (divides top from bottom)
Axis
each plane has one axis - its normal vector
the line that is at right angles to the plane
Principal axis and planes
Sagittal plane - mediolateral axis (ML)
Frontal plane - anterior-posterior axis (AP)
Transverse plane - internal external rotation axis (IE) for appendicular
- superior-inferior for axial skeleton
- longitudinal axis in general
How are plane and axis for a movement determined?
Plane is determined as the one that is parallel to the direction of the movement
Axis is perpendicular to the plane AFTER plan is established
Flexion/extension of:
hip, knee, elbow, shoulder, spine
Sagittal plane
ML axis
Plantar + Dorsiflexion of ankle
Sagittal plane
ML axis
Nodding yes at neck
Sagittal plane
ML axis
Sagittal plane
ML axis
Flexion/extension
(fwd/backward movement)
Abduction/adduction
Frontal plane
AP axis
Inversion/eversion at ankle
Frontal plane/Transverse plane
AP axis/IE axis
1/2 in frontal plane and half in transverse plane
Lateral flexion of neck
Frontal plane
AP axis
Internal and external rotation at hip, shoulder
Transverse plane
IE axis
Shaking head no
Transverse plane
IE axis
Transverse extension and transverse flexion
ONLY at SHOULDER
Sagittal plane, ML axis
ABDUCT arm FIRST to be in transverse plane THEN flex/extend
Radial and ulnar deviation
Frontal plane
AP axis
Upward and downward rotation
Frontal plane
AP axis
At acromioclavicular jt
Transverse abduction and adduction
Frontal plane
AP axis
FLEX arm FIRST (in front at 90) then ABDUCT/ADDUCT
Elevation and depression of scapula
Translation
Longitudinal axis (leaving transverse plane)
- staying withing sagittal and frontal planes
- moving in a straight line along longitudinal axis
Translation and planes
Choose the axis that the jt is moving in a straight line along
Shooting jaw forward
Anterior-posterior axis (leaving frontal plane)
- staying within sagittal and transverse plane
Pronation and supination
Transverse plane
IE axis
Transverse (lateral) rotation of vertebral column
Transverse plane
IE axis
Protraction and retraction of sternoclavicular jt.
Mediolateral axis (leaving sagittal plane)
- staying in frontal and transverse planes
Ex. seated row
Anthropometrics and body type
Ppl w/ the same ethnic background, nutrition and upbringing could still result in different anthropometric measurements
