Lecture 5 - Open-Loop Vs Closed-Loop Control Flashcards
1
Q
What is a closed-loop system?
A
- Movement based on feedback
- Flexible
- Adaptable
- Precise
- Slow
2
Q
What are 2 sources of sensory information?
A
- exteroception
- proprioception
3
Q
What is exteroception?
A
- provides information to the processing system about the state of the environment in which one’s body exists
4
Q
What are the 2 types of exteroception?
A
- vision
- audition (hearing)
5
Q
What is vision in relation to exteroception?
A
- Provides information of the physical structure of the environment
- also provides information about the movement of objects in the environment in relations to your own movements; i.e., flight path of a ball while you run to catch it
6
Q
What is audition (hearing) in relation to exteroception?
A
- involves in hearing the things around you
- Activities depend on well-developed auditory skills
7
Q
What is proprioception?
A
- provides information about the state of the body itself
- a type of intrinsic feedback, provides sensations of body movement through an environment
8
Q
What are the 5 types of receptors in proprioception?
A
- vestibular apparatus
- joint receptors
- muscle spindles
- golgi tendon organs
- cutaneous receptors
9
Q
What is vestibular apparatus?
A
- provides information related to head movement & body orientation in the environment
- detects the heads orientation with respect to gravity
- located in the inner ear
10
Q
What are joint receptors ?
A
- Provides Information about extreme positions of the joints
11
Q
What are muscle spindles?
A
- Provide information on the stretch & positioning of the muscles
- oriented in parallel with the muscle fibers
- embedded in the belly of the skeletal muscle
12
Q
What are the Golgi tendon organs?
A
- Serve to regulate the levels of force produced to the attached muscle
- sensitive to muscle tension
13
Q
What are cutaneous receptors ?
A
- specialized detectors of pressure, temperature, touch, etc
14
Q
What is a basic closed-loop control system?
A
- when one inputs a desired state or system goal
- Executive System: Decision making
- Effector System: Carrying out the decisions
- Comparator: Reference of correctness against which feedback is compared to define an error
- Error Signal: Information acted on by the executive
15
Q
What is an open-loop system?
A
- Movement structured in advance, Movements are quick & powerful, Less efficient for unstable situations
- Advance instructions specify operations to be done, their sequencing, & their timing
- the system executes instruction without modification
- No capability to detect or correct errors, feedback not involved, Most effective in stable, predictable environments
