Lecture 3 - Stimulus-Response Compatibility

Question 1

What is stimulus-response compatibility?

Answer 1

• The degree of natural or learned correspondence between a stimulus & a response
• Compatibility is the degree to which relationships are consistent with human expectations where compatibility relationships are designed into the system,
• learning is faster, reaction time is faster, fewer errors are made, & user satisfaction is higher

Question 2

What are the 4 types of compatibility?

Answer 2

• movement compatibility
• conceptual compatibility
• modality compatibility
• spatial compatibility

Question 3

What is movement compatibility?

Answer 3

• Relationship between the movement of a control & corresponding display & response of system being controlled
• I.e., good movement compatibility if you move a nob clockwise

Question 4

What is conceptual compatibility?

Answer 4

• Deals with degree to which codes & symbols correspond to people’s conceptual associations
• I.e., learned associations with certain concepts, red means bad, green means good

Question 5

What is modality compatibility?

Answer 5

• Deals with the degree of compatibility between certain stimulus-response modalities
• I.e., verbal tasks (responses to verbal commands) are performed best with auditory signals (spoken responses)

Question 6

What is spatial compatibility?

Answer 6

• Deals with the spatial arrangement of controls & displays, or stimuli & responses

Question 7

What are 2 factors influencing response selection?

Answer 7

• amount of practice
• anticipation

Question 8

How does amount of practice influence response selection?

Answer 8

• Highly practiced performers can overcome the disadvantages of low S-R compatibility
• Overall, practice reduces the steepness of the increase in RT as the number of S-R alternatives increases

Question 9

How does anticipation influence response selection?

Answer 9

• One way in which learners cope with long RT delays
• A performer can organize movements in advance
• Spatial & temporal anticipation
• Experts have a large advantage over novices in perceptual anticipation

Question 10

What are the benefits & costs of anticipation when influencing response selection?

Answer 10

• Advantage of correct anticipation is a reduction of effective RT (near zero)
• Disadvantage occurs when the anticipated action is not what actually happens
• Requires more processing activities
• Can create a biomechanical disadvantage

Question 11

What are the 3 memory systems?

Answer 11

• short-term sensory store
• short-term memory (STM)
• long-term memory (LTM)

Question 12

What is short-term sensory store?

Answer 12

• Responsible for storing vast amounts of sensory information only long enough for some of it to be abstracted and further processed

Question 13

What is short-term memory (STM)?

Answer 13

• Also called “working memory”
• It is a temporary holding place for information (i.e., a phone number given to you verbally)
• Rehearsal is the process by which we keep from losing information from short-term memory (STM)

Question 14

What is long-term memory (LTM)?

Answer 14

• Contains very well-learned information that has been collected over a lifetime
• A vast amount of information can be stored in LTM by processing in STM (requires effort)
• Learning means that information was transferred in some way from STM to LTM