Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Motor Learning & Development > Lecture 2 - Information Processing > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Information Processing Flashcards

1
Q

What is reaction time?

A
  • The time that it takes for you to start responding to a certain event
  • Measure of time it takes to process information
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is information processing?

A
  • The interval between the start of an unanticipated stimulus & the initiation of the response
  • Indicated the speed & effectiveness of decision making/information processing
  • refers to deciding what to do to achieve a goal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is movement time?

A
  • The interval between the start of the movement & the end
  • Response time = RT + MT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 8 factors influencing reaction time?

A
  • age
    -sex
  • hand use
  • arousal
  • intelligence
  • fatigue
  • distraction
  • caffeine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does age influence reaction time?

A
  • Decreases (or faster) through childhood till the late 20s
  • Will start to increase slowly until 50-60 years then rapidly after 70
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does sex influence reaction time?

A
  • Males are typically faster at reacting whereas females are more accurate
  • New studies suggest male advantage is reduced because women take part in activities requiring quick responses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How does arousal influence reaction time?

A
  • Reaction time is faster with a normal degree of arousal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How does intelligence influence reaction time?

A
  • People with intellectual disability suffer with slower reaction time
  • Higher intelligent people tend to have a faster reaction time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does fatigue influence reaction time?

A
  • More fatigued individuals will have a slower reaction time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does distraction influence reaction time?

A
  • Distraction will increase reaction time
  • I.e., cell phones
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does caffeine influence reaction time?

A
  • Moderate doses of caffeine will decrease reaction time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are 3 factors that affect stimulus identification?

A
  • stimulus clarity
  • stimulus intensity
  • stimulus modality
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is stimulus clarity?

A
  • Target in central vs. peripheral vision
  • Visual RTs are quicker in central vision as opposed to peripheral vision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is stimulus intensity?

A
  • Froeberg (1907) found that a higher intensity visual stimulus produced faster RTs
  • Wells (1913) found the same thing for an auditory stimulus
  • Piéron (1920) & Luce (1986) found slower RTs for a weak stimulus
  • After a certain point, there is a stabilization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is stimulus modality ?

A
  • Visual RT: 180-200 ms
  • Tactile RT: 155 ms
  • Auditory RT: 140-160 ms
  • Auditory stimulus takes 8-10 ms to reach the brain while visual stimulus takes 20-40 ms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is donder’s subtractive method?

A
  • assumed there was a series of separate information processing stages between a stimulus and a response
  • Stages in serial order, need to be completed in order:
    - Stimulus detection
    • Stimulus identification
    • Response selection
    • Response execution
17
Q

What were the 3 types of reaction time tasks made by Donders?

A
  • simple reaction time
  • choice reaction time
  • Go/No go reaction time
  • All three tasks have different stages
    - Difference in RT between two tasks represents the time required to perform a specific step
18
Q

What is simple reaction time?

A
  • One possible stimulus & one possible response
  • Only have to detect the stimulus & execute the response
19
Q

What is choice reaction time?

A
  • Faced with 2 or more stimuli & 2 or more possible responses
  • Have to complete all 4 of the stages
  • must detect a stimulus occurred & identify it (since there is more than. One option), then select the appropriate response & execute it
20
Q

What is Go/No go reaction time?

A
  • Have 2 stimuli but only respond to 1
  • Detect the stimulus, identify which one was presented then execute the response
21
Q

What are the 5 stages of information processing?

A
  • input
  • stimulus identification stage
  • response selection stage
  • movement programming stage
  • output
22
Q

What is the input stage of information processing?

A
  • Information to be processed by the human
  • Comes in all sensory forms
  • The human information-processing system requires more time to process larger amounts of information than it does smaller amounts
23
Q

What is the stimulus identification stage of information processing?

A
  • The system’s problem is to decide whether a stimulus has been presented &, if so, what it is
  • System analyzes environmental information from a variety of sources
  • Components of stimuli are assembled
  • Patterns of movement are detected
24
Q

What is the response selection stage of information processing?

A
  • The system’s problem is deciding what response to make, given the nature of the situation and environment
  • Process of determining what to do & how it should be done
25
Q

What is the movement programming stage of information processing?

A
  • The system’s problem is preparing the motor system to make the desired movement
  • Ready the mechanisms in brain stem and spinal cord for action
  • Retrieve and organize a motor program
26
Q

What is the output stage of information processing?

A
  • Stages involved in producing motor output
  • Focus of motor control research
27
Q

What is Hick’s law?

A
  • Time required to make a decision about a response is linearly related to the amount of information that must be processed
  • Quantity of information = log2(N), N = number of S-R alternatives
  • RT increases proportionally every time the number of S-R alternatives is doubled
28
Q

What are the expectations of Hick’s law?

A
  • Practice in choice RT
  • Tactile stimuli
  • Eye movement response
  • Relationship between S & R has an effect on response selection: when skills are highly over learned or biologically “natural”, response selection between several alternatives can be facilitated

Motor Learning & Development (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions