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NUTR 512 > Lecture 5: Nootropics > Flashcards

Lecture 5: Nootropics Flashcards

1
Q

Nootropics

A

used to enhance memory or other cognitive function

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2
Q

Nootropics criteria

A
  1. Enhance memory and ability to learn
  2. Help the brain function under disruptive conditions such as hypoxia and electroconvulsive shock
  3. Protect the brain from chemical and physical assaults, such as anti-cholinergic drugs and barbiturates
  4. Increase the efficacy of neuronal firing control mechanisms in cortical and sub-cortical regions of the brain
  5. Possess few or no side effects and be virtually non-toxic
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3
Q

How do nootropics work

A
  1. Brain energy
  2. Brain chemicals
  3. Cerebral blood flow
  4. Brain Waves
  5. Neuroprotection
  6. Brain regeneration
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4
Q

name 6 natural nootropics

A
  1. Gingko
  2. Ginseng
  3. Bacopa
  4. Huperzine A
  5. Forskolin
  6. Lion’s Mane Mushroom
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5
Q

Gingko - scientific name

A

Gingko biloba

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6
Q

Gingko - parts used

A

leaves and roots

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7
Q

Gingko - Bioactive compound

A

Ginkgolides

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8
Q

Gingko - mechanism of action

A
  1. Cholinergic - increases uptake and release of Ach
  2. Monoamine - increases uptake of serotonin, inhibits MAO, reduces beta-adrenergic binding and activity, reverses age related decline in a2 adrenergic receptors
  3. GABA - elevates GABA levels and increases glutamic acid decarboxylase activity
  4. Vascular: inhibition of platelet activation factor and activation of nitric oxide dependent vasodilation
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9
Q

Ginseng - scientific name

A

Panax ginseng

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10
Q

ginseng - parts used

A

roots

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11
Q

ginseng - bioactive compound

A

ginsengosides

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12
Q

Ginseng - mechanism of action

A
  1. cholinergic: increased Ach release and nicotinic binding
  2. monoamines: Turnover of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin is increased or decreased depending on does and duration of use
  3. nitric oxide: enhance epithelial synthesis in heart, lungs and kidneys
  4. Neurotropic: increase nerve growth factor (NGF) expression
  5. Ca flux: inhibits calcium channels
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13
Q

Bacopa - scientific name

A

Bacopa monnieri

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14
Q

Bacopa - parts used

A

leaves and stem

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15
Q

Bacopa - bioactive compound

A

Bakosides

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16
Q

Bacopa - mechanism of action

A
  1. Anti-oxidant/neuroprotection
  2. cerebral blood flow and vasodilation
  3. Neurotransmitter protection
  4. ADHD

refer to page 31 for explanations

17
Q

Firmoss - scientific name

A

Huperzia serrata

18
Q

Firmoss - Part used

A

clubmoss

19
Q

Firmoss - bioactive compound

A

Huperzine A

20
Q

Huperzine A mechanism of action

A

it is an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor and NMDA antagonist that crosses the blood brain barrier
- thus, it can prevent neurons from cell death and excitotoxicity

21
Q

Indian Coleus

A

Coleus foskolii

22
Q

Indian Coleus - parts used

A

roots

23
Q

Indian Coleus - bioactive compound

A

Forskolin

24
Q

how is Forskolin unique amongst the other nootropics

A

it increases intracellular cAMP through adenylate cyclase activation
- its responsiveness increases with extracellular stimuli

25
Q

activities of Forskolin

A
  1. increased intracellular cAMP through adenylate cyclase activation
  2. inhibition of acetylcholinesterase
  3. synergistic with artichoke extract in increasing cAMP levels
  4. anti-inflammatory effects
26
Q

why do Forskolin and artichoke extract work better together

A

Artichoke extract contains Luteolin - a powerful phosphodiesterase inhibitor (PDE4)
- Excess PDE4 degrades cAMP

27
Q

function of cAPM

A

its produces proteins needed for neuron and synapse growth, through a process called long term potentiation

28
Q

Lion’s Mane - scientific name

A

Hericium erinaceus

29
Q

Lion’s Mane - parts used

A

fruit body

30
Q

Lion’s Mane - bioactive compound

A

Hericenons / Erinacine

31
Q

Lion’s Mane - mechanism of action

A

enhances nerve growth factor (NGF) - a protein that is essential in the maintenance, survival and regeneration of neurons

32
Q

Eugeroics

A

also known as wakefulness-promotiong agents and wakefulness-promoting drugs; are a class of during that promote wakefulness and alertness

33
Q

neurotrophic

A

relating to the growth of nervous tissue

NUTR 512 (7 decks)

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