lecture 5: neurons and neurotransmitters Flashcards

1
Q

whats the brains role in prediction and interpretation

A

it works out whats going on, whats going to happen in the future and how behaviour should change to best suit these situations

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2
Q

interpretation

A

smell = smells are purely a construction of the brain (good vs bad smells) , creating emotional experience of liking or disliking, the actual molecules aren’t good or bad
colours = dont exist out in the environment independent of us, its our nervous system which converts it into the sensation of being something
- our reality doesn’t necessarily correspond with everyone around us

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3
Q

predictions

A

your brain is continually making predictions about what is going to happen next
- past experience (memory) is most useful in guiding these processes

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4
Q

how much of the bodies energy does the brain demand

A

20%

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5
Q

central nervous system includes

A

brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

peripheral nervous system includes

A

peripheral nerves and ganglia

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7
Q

four lobes of the cerebral cortex

A
  1. frontal lobe = decision making, planning
  2. parietal lobe = working out where your body is in space and where limbs are relative to your body
  3. occipital = vision
  4. temporal lobe = memory
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8
Q

what separates the frontal lobe and parietal lobe

A

the central sulcus

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9
Q

what separates the front, parietal and temporal lobes

A

the sylvian fissure

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10
Q

cerebrum

A

perception of yourself as an individual being

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11
Q

cerebellum

A

learning skills eg: riding a bike

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12
Q

brain stem

A

controlling intake of food, water, basic behaviours you need to stay alive

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13
Q

grey matter

A

where all the critical cells and neurons are located

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14
Q

white matter

A

connects neurons to one another, or sends info down to control muscles

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15
Q

neurons

A
  • the brains processing units (specialised nerve cells)
  • approx 85,000,000,000 in the average human brain, each makes between 100-10,000 connections with others
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16
Q

what is the key to info processing in the nervous system

A

the inside of the neuron is negatively charged compared to the outside
- neurons have a membrane potential of about -70 mv
- info is transmitted within the cell by transient alterations in the membrane potential

17
Q

dendrites

A

receive info from other neurons, called pre synaptic neurons, or from the environment

18
Q

soma

A

the cell body of a neuron, containing the nucleus and vital organelles for maintaining the cells function and protein synthesis

19
Q

axon

A

the long, slender projection of a neuron (nerve cell) that transmits electrical impulses away from the cell body to other neurons, muscles or glands

20
Q

axon terminal

A

the specialised ending of an axon that transmits signals to other neurons or cells via neurotransmitters at synapses

21
Q

resting membrane potential

A

the electrical potential difference across a cells plasma when the cell is at rest and not undergoing any significant electrical activity

22
Q

graded potential

A
  • pulse within a dendrite that can vary in size
  • localised, temporary changes in a cells membrane potential that vary in magnitude according to the strength of the stimulus
23
Q

action potentials

A

rapid, all or none, and long distance signals that can travel without weakening

24
Q

ion channel

A

integral membrane proteins that contain pathways through which ions can flow

25
membrane depolarisation
the process where a cells membrane potential becomes less negative, often triggered by an influx of positively charged ions
26
temporal summation
the addition of multiple stimuli arriving at the same synapse in quick succession
27
spatial summation
the combined effect of multiple stimuli arriving at different locations on a neuron simultaneously
28
initial segment
actual site where the AP is generated
29
tetrodotoxin (TTX)
- 10,000 times deadlier than cyanide - blocks ion flow through channels that generate action potentials