Lecture 5 Microbial Biotechnology

Question 1

how do enzymes produce high fructose corn syrup

Answer 1

corn starch goes through liquefaction and saccharification (amylases) to produce glucose which by use of isomerases turns to fructose

Question 2

write a note on amylases

Answer 2

these enzymes hydrolyse starch.
starch -> short chain polymers (dextrins) -> maltose -> glucose

Question 3

which enzymes are important for starch saccharification

Answer 3

alpha-amylases, glucose isomerases, glucoamylases

Question 4

what is the sweetening strength of fuctose compar4ed to sucrose

Answer 4

twice the strength

Question 5

where can a-Amylase be produced

Answer 5

mainly derived from bacillus licheniformis, b. stearothermophilus and b, amyloliquefaciens

Question 6

what produces glucose isomerase

Answer 6

via streptomyces strain i.e streptomyces murinus strain NZYM-GA

Question 7

what produces glucoamylases

Answer 7

typically fungi- i.e aspergillus niger

Question 8

how do amylases catalyse initial hydrolysis of starch

Answer 8

they make shorter olgiosaccharides through cleavage of a-D-(1-4) glycosidic bonds

Question 9

how do glucoamylases hydrolyse chains?

Answer 9

they cleave from the non reducing at the a-1-4 and a1-6 glycosidic bonds consecutively

Question 10

how does glucose isomerase work

Answer 10

reversible reaction qwhere a mix of glucose and fructose